and changes in the overall composition of the oils obtained. Changes in the cell
structure of biomass during grinding can also affect the yield and composition of the
bio-oil.
Güllü and Demirbas (2001) focused on the pyrolysis of lignocellulose-containing
biomass to produce methanol. Methanol can be used to replace conventional petrol
and diesel. Thermal depolymerisation and decomposition of biomass include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, liquid and gaseous products and a solid residue of
charcoal. A promising route for the treatment of biomass is pyrolytic conversion,
which has been carried out under different experimental conditions, in which coal,
tarry materials, an aqueous fraction and gaseous products have been produced.
Pyroligneous acid consists of about 50% methanol, acetone, phenols and water.
Methanol can be produced by pyrolysis of biomass. The methanol mainly comes
from the methoxyl groups of uronic acid and the decomposition of methyl esters
and/or ethers from the decomposition of pectin-like plant material. Acetic acid
mainly comes from acetyl groups of hemicelluloses.
Foster et al. (2012) concentrated on the conversion of glucose, furan and maple
wood using various types of ZSM-5 catalysts in semi-batch and fixed-bed reactors.
The aromatic yield of glucose conversion is maximised by the ratio of silica to
alumina (SAR) of ZSM-5 with an optimum at SAR ¼ 30. This suggests that the
concentration of acidic sites in the zeolite is critical for maximising the aromatic
yield. The formation of hierarchical mesopores in the zeolite slightly increased the
formation of coke and reduced the formation of monocyclic aromatics. It has also
been observed that mesoporous ZSM-5 favours the production of larger alkylated
monoaromatics. The selective removal of the external acid sites of the ZSM-5
catalysts not only slightly increases the activity of the catalyst but also reduces the
selectivity for the desired aromatics.
12.5 Conclusion
The present study aimed at developing a mathematical model for pyrolysis of teak
sawdust. Rate constants and activation energies of reactions are calculated from
experimental studies on pyrolysis of teak sawdust. 1 g of teak sawdust was pyrolysed
in CVD chamber at four different temperatures from 300 to 600
C. The mathematical model was developed for pyrolysis of teak sawdust. Rate constants reveal that
conversion of biomass to volatiles and gases is faster than conversion of biomass to
char. Activation energies disclose that conversion of biomass to volatiles and gases
is more temperature sensitive than conversion of biomass to char. The results reveal
that pyrolysis of waste biomass, teak sawdust, could be the effective thermochemical
route for bioenergy.
340
S. Aswin et al.
structure of biomass during grinding can also affect the yield and composition of the
bio-oil.
Güllü and Demirbas (2001) focused on the pyrolysis of lignocellulose-containing
biomass to produce methanol. Methanol can be used to replace conventional petrol
and diesel. Thermal depolymerisation and decomposition of biomass include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, liquid and gaseous products and a solid residue of
charcoal. A promising route for the treatment of biomass is pyrolytic conversion,
which has been carried out under different experimental conditions, in which coal,
tarry materials, an aqueous fraction and gaseous products have been produced.
Pyroligneous acid consists of about 50% methanol, acetone, phenols and water.
Methanol can be produced by pyrolysis of biomass. The methanol mainly comes
from the methoxyl groups of uronic acid and the decomposition of methyl esters
and/or ethers from the decomposition of pectin-like plant material. Acetic acid
mainly comes from acetyl groups of hemicelluloses.
Foster et al. (2012) concentrated on the conversion of glucose, furan and maple
wood using various types of ZSM-5 catalysts in semi-batch and fixed-bed reactors.
The aromatic yield of glucose conversion is maximised by the ratio of silica to
alumina (SAR) of ZSM-5 with an optimum at SAR ¼ 30. This suggests that the
concentration of acidic sites in the zeolite is critical for maximising the aromatic
yield. The formation of hierarchical mesopores in the zeolite slightly increased the
formation of coke and reduced the formation of monocyclic aromatics. It has also
been observed that mesoporous ZSM-5 favours the production of larger alkylated
monoaromatics. The selective removal of the external acid sites of the ZSM-5
catalysts not only slightly increases the activity of the catalyst but also reduces the
selectivity for the desired aromatics.
12.5 Conclusion
The present study aimed at developing a mathematical model for pyrolysis of teak
sawdust. Rate constants and activation energies of reactions are calculated from
experimental studies on pyrolysis of teak sawdust. 1 g of teak sawdust was pyrolysed
in CVD chamber at four different temperatures from 300 to 600
C. The mathematical model was developed for pyrolysis of teak sawdust. Rate constants reveal that
conversion of biomass to volatiles and gases is faster than conversion of biomass to
char. Activation energies disclose that conversion of biomass to volatiles and gases
is more temperature sensitive than conversion of biomass to char. The results reveal
that pyrolysis of waste biomass, teak sawdust, could be the effective thermochemical
route for bioenergy.
340
S. Aswin et al.