human feces by glucomannan hydrolysates (GMH) formed using cellulase (Alvaro
et al. 2008; Al-Ghazzewi and Tester 2012). GMH produced using cellulases also
modulate the composition of microbiota in human intestine with the short-chain fatty
acids (SCFA) enriched in propionic acid which decrease the cholesterol level in
humans by reducing the synthesis of cholesterol [90]. Compared to crude cellulase,
pure cellulase has shown excelling growth of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) from
KGM [91].
10.12 Overall Discussion
Cellulases are the important enzymes being used in various industrial applications to
make the process sustainable and environmentally benign. Crude and pure forms of
cellulases are used for those processes. In most industrial application, the crude
cellulases are being used for low cost and ability to improve other by-products or
help the process using impurities present in it. Pure forms of cellulases are case
specific and mostly used in laboratory-scale research. Since they are costly and only
serve some specific purpose, they are not being currently used in the industrial
sector.
10.13 Conclusions
Biochemical conversion of biomass through enzymatic cellulase and
microorganisms is becoming the most important part of future research. These
enzymes are now commercially available in both pure and crude form and are
being extensively used in fermentation, pulp and paper industry, brewing sector,
fermentation, food and animal feed industry, and detergent and textile industry. As
the environment and sustainability is a major concern nowadays, modern biotechnology advances in the area of novel enzymes and microbial genetics will definitely
bring more industries under the enzymatic and microorganism-based green industry
system. In the future, other plausible areas where cellulases may be used will become
more prominent by improving the cellulase activities and enhance them by
incorporating desired features through protein engineering.
References
Acharya S, Chaudhary A (2012) Bioprospecting thermophiles for cellulase production: a review.
Braz J Microbiol 43(3):844–856
Albrecht S, van Muiswinkel GC, Schols HA, Voragen AG, Gruppen H (2009) Introducing capillary
electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) for the characterization of
konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides and their in vitro fermentation behavior. J Agric Food
Chem 57(9):3867–3876
Al-Ghazzewi FH, Tester RF (2012) Efficacy of cellulase and mannanase hydrolysates of konjac
glucomannan to promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria. J Sci Food Agric 92(11):2394–2396
294
M. S. H. K. Tushar and A. Dutta
et al. 2008; Al-Ghazzewi and Tester 2012). GMH produced using cellulases also
modulate the composition of microbiota in human intestine with the short-chain fatty
acids (SCFA) enriched in propionic acid which decrease the cholesterol level in
humans by reducing the synthesis of cholesterol [90]. Compared to crude cellulase,
pure cellulase has shown excelling growth of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) from
KGM [91].
10.12 Overall Discussion
Cellulases are the important enzymes being used in various industrial applications to
make the process sustainable and environmentally benign. Crude and pure forms of
cellulases are used for those processes. In most industrial application, the crude
cellulases are being used for low cost and ability to improve other by-products or
help the process using impurities present in it. Pure forms of cellulases are case
specific and mostly used in laboratory-scale research. Since they are costly and only
serve some specific purpose, they are not being currently used in the industrial
sector.
10.13 Conclusions
Biochemical conversion of biomass through enzymatic cellulase and
microorganisms is becoming the most important part of future research. These
enzymes are now commercially available in both pure and crude form and are
being extensively used in fermentation, pulp and paper industry, brewing sector,
fermentation, food and animal feed industry, and detergent and textile industry. As
the environment and sustainability is a major concern nowadays, modern biotechnology advances in the area of novel enzymes and microbial genetics will definitely
bring more industries under the enzymatic and microorganism-based green industry
system. In the future, other plausible areas where cellulases may be used will become
more prominent by improving the cellulase activities and enhance them by
incorporating desired features through protein engineering.
References
Acharya S, Chaudhary A (2012) Bioprospecting thermophiles for cellulase production: a review.
Braz J Microbiol 43(3):844–856
Albrecht S, van Muiswinkel GC, Schols HA, Voragen AG, Gruppen H (2009) Introducing capillary
electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) for the characterization of
konjac glucomannan oligosaccharides and their in vitro fermentation behavior. J Agric Food
Chem 57(9):3867–3876
Al-Ghazzewi FH, Tester RF (2012) Efficacy of cellulase and mannanase hydrolysates of konjac
glucomannan to promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria. J Sci Food Agric 92(11):2394–2396
294
M. S. H. K. Tushar and A. Dutta