Table 7.4
(continued)
Algae
Pretreatment and hydrolysis
(liquefaction and saccharification)
Fermentation
Yield
References
Schizochytrium
sp. Solid load 25% (w/w) fractionation by
hydrothermal treatment for 46.7 min at
115.5
C
SSF using Escherichia coli
KO11and
incubating for 72 h
Ethanol yield: 1.18 g/L
from 2.57 g/L of glucose;
Kim et al. (2012)
Maximum theoretical
ethanol yield: 89.8% (from
glucan)
Scenedesmus
sp.
Ultrasound followed by acid/alkali
mediated autoclave treatment for
10–40 min at 60–120
C and 15 psi
Inoculum of S. cerevisiae
(2.5 mL)
incubating at 30
C, 180 rpm for 72 h
Total sugar yield: 93%
Sivaramakrishnan
and
Incharoensakdi
(2018)
Theoretical ethanol: 86%
Practical ethanol: 93%
Macroalgae
Ulva lactuca
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide
treatment for 30 min at 121
C
3 ml of inoculums of S. cerevisiae
incubating at 35
C for 48 h
Ethanol concentration:
12
Æ 0.5 g/g
El-sayed (2016)
Ethanol yield: 47.1%
Sargassum
spp.
Dilute H
2 SO
4 (3.4–4.6% v/v) and
enzymatic hydrolysis
SHF using Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
incubating at 40
C, pH of 4.5 for 48 h
Ethanol yield: 89%
Borines et al.
(2013)
Gracilaria
verrucosa
Cellulase- and
β-glucosidase-based
enzymatic hydrolysis
SHF using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(6.0% v/v) at 30
C, pH 6.0 for 48 h
Reducing sugar yield:
0.87 g sugars/g cellulose
Kumar et al.
(2013)
Ethanol yield: 43 %
Laminaria
japonica
Mild acid treatment at 0.1 N HCl for
15 min at 121
C followed by
enzymatic hydrolysis using Celluclast,
Viscozyme L
SSF using Escherichia coli
KO11 at
30
C, 150 rpm for 72 h
Sugar yield: mannitol
30.5% and glucose 6.98%
Kim et al. (2011)
Ethanol yield: 16.1%
Seaweed such as
sea lettuce and
chigaiso
Enzymatic treatment using Meicelase
for 120 h at 50
C
SHF using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
IAM 4178
at 30
o
C, 5.0 pH for 48 h
under static condition
Sugar yield: sea lettuce
78.8 g/L; chigaiso 123 g/L
Yanagisawa et al.
(2011)
Ethanol yield: sea lettuce:
30.0 g/L; chigaiso: 34.4
g/L
184
B. Kumar et al.
(continued)
Algae
Pretreatment and hydrolysis
(liquefaction and saccharification)
Fermentation
Yield
References
Schizochytrium
sp. Solid load 25% (w/w) fractionation by
hydrothermal treatment for 46.7 min at
115.5
C
SSF using Escherichia coli
KO11and
incubating for 72 h
Ethanol yield: 1.18 g/L
from 2.57 g/L of glucose;
Kim et al. (2012)
Maximum theoretical
ethanol yield: 89.8% (from
glucan)
Scenedesmus
sp.
Ultrasound followed by acid/alkali
mediated autoclave treatment for
10–40 min at 60–120
C and 15 psi
Inoculum of S. cerevisiae
(2.5 mL)
incubating at 30
C, 180 rpm for 72 h
Total sugar yield: 93%
Sivaramakrishnan
and
Incharoensakdi
(2018)
Theoretical ethanol: 86%
Practical ethanol: 93%
Macroalgae
Ulva lactuca
Sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide
treatment for 30 min at 121
C
3 ml of inoculums of S. cerevisiae
incubating at 35
C for 48 h
Ethanol concentration:
12
Æ 0.5 g/g
El-sayed (2016)
Ethanol yield: 47.1%
Sargassum
spp.
Dilute H
2 SO
4 (3.4–4.6% v/v) and
enzymatic hydrolysis
SHF using Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
incubating at 40
C, pH of 4.5 for 48 h
Ethanol yield: 89%
Borines et al.
(2013)
Gracilaria
verrucosa
Cellulase- and
β-glucosidase-based
enzymatic hydrolysis
SHF using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(6.0% v/v) at 30
C, pH 6.0 for 48 h
Reducing sugar yield:
0.87 g sugars/g cellulose
Kumar et al.
(2013)
Ethanol yield: 43 %
Laminaria
japonica
Mild acid treatment at 0.1 N HCl for
15 min at 121
C followed by
enzymatic hydrolysis using Celluclast,
Viscozyme L
SSF using Escherichia coli
KO11 at
30
C, 150 rpm for 72 h
Sugar yield: mannitol
30.5% and glucose 6.98%
Kim et al. (2011)
Ethanol yield: 16.1%
Seaweed such as
sea lettuce and
chigaiso
Enzymatic treatment using Meicelase
for 120 h at 50
C
SHF using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
IAM 4178
at 30
o
C, 5.0 pH for 48 h
under static condition
Sugar yield: sea lettuce
78.8 g/L; chigaiso 123 g/L
Yanagisawa et al.
(2011)
Ethanol yield: sea lettuce:
30.0 g/L; chigaiso: 34.4
g/L
184
B. Kumar et al.