Sweet sorghum
bagasse
Cellulose: 45%
Mild alkali (NaOH)
pretreatment
Saccharification using
commercial cellulase and
xylanase
Zymomonas mobilis
(inoculums load of 10%
v/v) incubated at 32
C,
6 pH for 30 h
Ethanol yield: 61.8% of
the theoretical yield
Kim and
Day (2011);
Yu et al.
(2016)
hemicellulose: 27%
Sweet sorghum stover
Total carbohydrate
ranges from 7 to 36%
Dilute sulfuric acid
(0.37% v/v) treatment for
15 min at 150
C in high
pressure reactor
Saccharification by
commercial cellulase
(Zytex) at 50
C for 48 h
S. cerevisiae (inoculum
0.27 g/L) incubated at
30
C for 48 h
Ethanol yield: 91.9 g
ethanol/kg native
sorghum
Akanksha
et al. (2016);
Sekhon et al.
(2016)
Rice straw
Cellulose 47%
Aqueous ammonia (27%
w/w) treatment at room
temperature for 14 day
Saccharification using
Cellic Ctec2 (Cellulase)
and Cellic Htec2
(xylanase)
Mixed culture of
S. cerevisiae
and Candida
tropicalis
(inoculum 1.2 g
yeast/10 mL) incubated at
37
C for 72 h
Ethanol yield: 25.1 g/L
Phitsuwan
et al. (2016)
hemicellulose 27 %
Beechwood
Cellulose: 43.1%
Organosolv with acetone
and sulfuric acid (OAS) or
Organosolv with ethanol
and phosphoric acid
(OEP)
High gravity SSF at High
solid loading of 20% wt
using 8.4 mg/g enzyme
incubated for 144 h
OAS: Ethanol
concentration: 8.0 % w/v
Ethanol yield: 76.3 g/L
OEP: ethanol yield:
80 g/L
Kalogiannis
et al. (2018)
Hemicellulose: 20.2%
Eucalyptus dunnii
bark
Glucans:37.1%
1-Butyl-3methylimidazolium
chloride [BMIM]Cl: bark
ratio of 5:1, at 140
o
C, 8 h
Saccharification using
50 FPU/g of pretreated
material
S. cerevisiae
(0.1 g cells/
ml)
Enhanced ethanol
production by fourfold
higher as compared with
untreated bark
(Reina et al.
(2016)
Xylans:9.8%
Ethanol yield: 70%
(continued)
7 Bioethanol Production: Generation-Based Comparative Status Measurements
181
bagasse
Cellulose: 45%
Mild alkali (NaOH)
pretreatment
Saccharification using
commercial cellulase and
xylanase
Zymomonas mobilis
(inoculums load of 10%
v/v) incubated at 32
C,
6 pH for 30 h
Ethanol yield: 61.8% of
the theoretical yield
Kim and
Day (2011);
Yu et al.
(2016)
hemicellulose: 27%
Sweet sorghum stover
Total carbohydrate
ranges from 7 to 36%
Dilute sulfuric acid
(0.37% v/v) treatment for
15 min at 150
C in high
pressure reactor
Saccharification by
commercial cellulase
(Zytex) at 50
C for 48 h
S. cerevisiae (inoculum
0.27 g/L) incubated at
30
C for 48 h
Ethanol yield: 91.9 g
ethanol/kg native
sorghum
Akanksha
et al. (2016);
Sekhon et al.
(2016)
Rice straw
Cellulose 47%
Aqueous ammonia (27%
w/w) treatment at room
temperature for 14 day
Saccharification using
Cellic Ctec2 (Cellulase)
and Cellic Htec2
(xylanase)
Mixed culture of
S. cerevisiae
and Candida
tropicalis
(inoculum 1.2 g
yeast/10 mL) incubated at
37
C for 72 h
Ethanol yield: 25.1 g/L
Phitsuwan
et al. (2016)
hemicellulose 27 %
Beechwood
Cellulose: 43.1%
Organosolv with acetone
and sulfuric acid (OAS) or
Organosolv with ethanol
and phosphoric acid
(OEP)
High gravity SSF at High
solid loading of 20% wt
using 8.4 mg/g enzyme
incubated for 144 h
OAS: Ethanol
concentration: 8.0 % w/v
Ethanol yield: 76.3 g/L
OEP: ethanol yield:
80 g/L
Kalogiannis
et al. (2018)
Hemicellulose: 20.2%
Eucalyptus dunnii
bark
Glucans:37.1%
1-Butyl-3methylimidazolium
chloride [BMIM]Cl: bark
ratio of 5:1, at 140
o
C, 8 h
Saccharification using
50 FPU/g of pretreated
material
S. cerevisiae
(0.1 g cells/
ml)
Enhanced ethanol
production by fourfold
higher as compared with
untreated bark
(Reina et al.
(2016)
Xylans:9.8%
Ethanol yield: 70%
(continued)
7 Bioethanol Production: Generation-Based Comparative Status Measurements
181