Biofuels: Types and Process Overview
1
Pietro Bartocci, Roman Tschentscher, Yunjun Yan, Haiping Yang,
Gianni Bidini, and Francesco Fantozzi
Abstract
The term biofuels refer mainly to fuels derived from biomass, which can be
considered as plants and organic residues. In this chapter attention will be focused
on liquid biofuels that can be used mainly for transportation. As reported in the
IEA Technology Road Map for biofuels, presented in 2011, they can be divided
in two main categories, based on the type of technologies used: conventional
biofuels (sugar- and starch-based ethanol, conventional biodiesel, biogas) and
advanced biofuels (cellulosic ethanol, hydrotreated vegetable oil, biomass-toliquids, biosynthetic syngas, etc.). The production of these biofuels is object of
big research efforts directed through process intensification and increase of the
efficiency of biomass conversion into an energy vector. For this reason this
chapter takes into account the production of first-generation biodiesel, firstgeneration bioethanol, second-generation biodiesel, second-generation
bioethanol, and hydrotreated vegetable oils focusing on their market and the
most importantly production techniques.
P. Bartocci (*) · G. Bidini · F. Fantozzi
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
e-mail: bartocci@crbnet.it
R. Tschentscher
SINTEF Energy Research, Oslo, Norway
Y. Yan
Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and
Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
H. Yang
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, Hubei, China
China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
N. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Biofuel Production Technologies: Critical Analysis
for Sustainability, Clean Energy Production Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8637-4_1
1
1
Pietro Bartocci, Roman Tschentscher, Yunjun Yan, Haiping Yang,
Gianni Bidini, and Francesco Fantozzi
Abstract
The term biofuels refer mainly to fuels derived from biomass, which can be
considered as plants and organic residues. In this chapter attention will be focused
on liquid biofuels that can be used mainly for transportation. As reported in the
IEA Technology Road Map for biofuels, presented in 2011, they can be divided
in two main categories, based on the type of technologies used: conventional
biofuels (sugar- and starch-based ethanol, conventional biodiesel, biogas) and
advanced biofuels (cellulosic ethanol, hydrotreated vegetable oil, biomass-toliquids, biosynthetic syngas, etc.). The production of these biofuels is object of
big research efforts directed through process intensification and increase of the
efficiency of biomass conversion into an energy vector. For this reason this
chapter takes into account the production of first-generation biodiesel, firstgeneration bioethanol, second-generation biodiesel, second-generation
bioethanol, and hydrotreated vegetable oils focusing on their market and the
most importantly production techniques.
P. Bartocci (*) · G. Bidini · F. Fantozzi
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
e-mail: bartocci@crbnet.it
R. Tschentscher
SINTEF Energy Research, Oslo, Norway
Y. Yan
Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and
Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
H. Yang
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, Hubei, China
China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
# Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
N. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Biofuel Production Technologies: Critical Analysis
for Sustainability, Clean Energy Production Technologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8637-4_1
1