28
J. Swart and L. Brinkmann
Table 5
Maximum ozone concentrations (fixed effects estimation)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Dependent variable: maximum ozone concentrations
ECI
0.137
0.379
0.28
0.336
0.384
0.381
0.377
0.084
−0.226
(0.157)
(0.463)
(0.270)
(0.415)
(0.450)
(0.416)
(0.456)
(0.339)
(0.351)
(ECI) 2
0.285
0.303*
(0.168)
(0.146)
GDP p.c.
12.98
1.092
0.206
0.144
0.579
0.143
−0.268
−9.402
(21.66)
(1.119)
(1.400)
(1.548)
(0.933)
(0.970)
(2.209)
(22.78)
(GDP p.c.) 2
−30.50
20.41
(53.64)
(58.10)
Population density
−3.398**
−8.768**
−10.39***
(1.226)
(3.009)
(2.487)
Urbanisation
−0.789
−0.248
−0.216
(1.086)
(0.784)
(0.511)
Trade openness
−0.0632
−0.0286
−0.0475
(0.0901)
(0.150)
(0.102)
Year
−0.0257
0.0580
0.0862
(0.0257)
(0.0873)
(0.112)
Higher education
−0.00688
0.0490
0.0599
(0.0168)
(0.0562)
(0.0803)
(continued)