Strategies for the Promotion of Sustainable Urban Development …
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cities are, since each city is singular in its activities, consumption, treatment of waste,
ecological footprints (Verma and Raghubanshi 2018).
4 Main Factors in Sustainable Cities
In the first part of the research, a survey was made with publications with the goal
of creating a conceptual model for sustainable cities. The authors searched scientific articles and documentation from national and international programs related to
sustainable cities. In the articles we obtained, eleven main factors where obtained
regarding sustainable cities. These central factors were grouped according to three
main axes related to sustainability: economic, social and environmental. In the economic axis, the main factors found were governance, transportation and access to
public goods. In the social axis, transparency, social equality and community involvement. In the environmental axis, the main identified factors were residues, land use,
emission of Greenhouse Gas, energy and hydric resources. In Table 2 the main references are presented, as well as a description of the eleven identified factors.
Figure 1 presents the initial structure of the evaluation model. It is a tree structure,
which presents in its first level economic, social and environmental axis. In the
second level, factors highlighted in literature, which are related to social, economic
and environmental axis.
With the structure presented in Fig. 1, evaluation indicators will be developed.
The indicators will be in a third level; in a manner, that each will be connected to
factors in the second level.
The creation of these indicators was made with the aim to unfold eleven factors
identified in indicators which are easy to measure. In each of the eleven identified
factors, the authors aimed to create quantifiable indicators. For instance, for the factor
of access to public goods, three indicators were found: (i) access to education; (ii)
access to health; (iii) security.
This building, starting from economic, social and environmental axes, unfolding
later in eleven factors, and then to indicators, allows the creation of a model that
represents all aspects related to sustainable cities. From this model, it is possible to
create an evaluation model for sustainable cities.
The economic axis of sustainable cities is made by factors access to public goods,
governance e transport. Three indicators were created to support these eleven indicators, in the following way: to access to public goods, the indicators created were
access to education, security and access to health; to governance the indicators
created were public participation in green polices, production of sustainable constructions, education and urban planning; to transport were created average travel
time and cost, number of vehicles per paved road unit, develop alternative mobility
(cycle paths) and promotion of public transport.
The social axis is built by factors transparency, social equality e community
involvement. To these three factors, ten indicators were created, grouping in the
following way: for transparency were created economic development, public finances
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cities are, since each city is singular in its activities, consumption, treatment of waste,
ecological footprints (Verma and Raghubanshi 2018).
4 Main Factors in Sustainable Cities
In the first part of the research, a survey was made with publications with the goal
of creating a conceptual model for sustainable cities. The authors searched scientific articles and documentation from national and international programs related to
sustainable cities. In the articles we obtained, eleven main factors where obtained
regarding sustainable cities. These central factors were grouped according to three
main axes related to sustainability: economic, social and environmental. In the economic axis, the main factors found were governance, transportation and access to
public goods. In the social axis, transparency, social equality and community involvement. In the environmental axis, the main identified factors were residues, land use,
emission of Greenhouse Gas, energy and hydric resources. In Table 2 the main references are presented, as well as a description of the eleven identified factors.
Figure 1 presents the initial structure of the evaluation model. It is a tree structure,
which presents in its first level economic, social and environmental axis. In the
second level, factors highlighted in literature, which are related to social, economic
and environmental axis.
With the structure presented in Fig. 1, evaluation indicators will be developed.
The indicators will be in a third level; in a manner, that each will be connected to
factors in the second level.
The creation of these indicators was made with the aim to unfold eleven factors
identified in indicators which are easy to measure. In each of the eleven identified
factors, the authors aimed to create quantifiable indicators. For instance, for the factor
of access to public goods, three indicators were found: (i) access to education; (ii)
access to health; (iii) security.
This building, starting from economic, social and environmental axes, unfolding
later in eleven factors, and then to indicators, allows the creation of a model that
represents all aspects related to sustainable cities. From this model, it is possible to
create an evaluation model for sustainable cities.
The economic axis of sustainable cities is made by factors access to public goods,
governance e transport. Three indicators were created to support these eleven indicators, in the following way: to access to public goods, the indicators created were
access to education, security and access to health; to governance the indicators
created were public participation in green polices, production of sustainable constructions, education and urban planning; to transport were created average travel
time and cost, number of vehicles per paved road unit, develop alternative mobility
(cycle paths) and promotion of public transport.
The social axis is built by factors transparency, social equality e community
involvement. To these three factors, ten indicators were created, grouping in the
following way: for transparency were created economic development, public finances