Su C, Puls RW, Krug TA, Watling MT, O’Hara SK, Quinn JW, Ruiz NE (2013) Travel distance and
transformation of injected emulsified zerovalent iron nanoparticles in the subsurface during two
and half years. Water Res 47(12):4095–4106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.042
Su Y, Adeleye AS, Zhou X, Dai C, Zhang W, Keller AA, Zhang Y (2014) Effects of nitrate on the
treatment of lead contaminated groundwater by nanoscale zerovalent iron. J Hazard Mater
280:504–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.040
Sun Y-P, Li X-Q, Zhang W-X, Wang HP (2007) A method for the preparation of stable dispersion
of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 308(1–3):60–66.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.029
Sun Y, Li J, Huang T, Guan X (2016) The influences of iron characteristics, operating conditions
and solution chemistry on contaminants removal by zero-valent iron: a review. Water Res
100:277–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.031
Swartjes FA (ed) (2011) Dealing with contaminated sites: from theory towards practical application, 1st edn. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9757-6
Tang SCN, Lo IMC (2013) Magnetic nanoparticles: essential factors for sustainable environmental
applications. Water Res 47(8):2613–2632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.039
The Economist (2017) The most neglected threat to public health in China is toxic soil. The
Economist Newspaper Limited
Tiraferri A, Chen KL, Sethi R, Elimelech M (2008) Reduced aggregation and sedimentation of
zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the presence of guar gum. J Colloid Interface Sci 324
(1–2):71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.04.064
Tseng H-H, Su J-G, Liang C (2011) Synthesis of granular activated carbon/zero valent iron
composites for simultaneous adsorption/dechlorination of trichloroethylene. J Hazard Mater
192(2):500–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.047
US EPA (2000) Superfund: 20 years of protecting human health and the environment. Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC
US EPA (2011) Beneficial effects of the superfund program. Office of Superfund Remediation and
Technology Innovation, Washington, DC
US EPA (2018a) Superfund: CERCLA Overview. https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfundcercla-overview. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
US EPA (2018b) Superfund: National Priorities List (NPL). https://www.epa.gov/superfund/
superfund-national-priorities-list-npl. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Üzüm Ç, Shahwan T, Eroǧlu AE, Hallam KR, Scott TB, Lieberwirth I (2009) Synthesis and
characterization of kaolinite-supported zero-valent iron nanoparticles and their application for
the removal of aqueous Cu
2+ and Co
2+ ions. Appl Clay Sci 43(2):172–181. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.clay.2008.07.030
Van Deuren J, Lloyd T, Chhetry S, Liou R, Peck J (2002) Remediation technologies screening
matrix and reference guide, version 4.0. FRTR. https://frtr.gov/matrix2/top_page.html.
Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Virkutyte J, Sillanpää M, Latostenmaa P (2002) Electrokinetic soil remediation — critical overview. Sci Total Environ 289(1–3):97–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01027-0
Wang J, Farrell J (2003) Investigating the role of atomic hydrogen on chloroethene reactions with
iron using Tafel analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 37
(17):3891–3896. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0264605
Wang C-B, Zhang W-X (1997) Synthesizing nanoscale iron particles for rapid and complete
dechlorination of TCE and PCBs. Environ Sci Technol 31(7):2154–2156. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es970039c
Wang W, Zhou M, Jin Z, Li T (2010) Reactivity characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) coated
nanoscale iron particles for trichloroethylene remediation. J Hazard Mater 173(1–3):724–730.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.145
Waria M, Comfort SD, Onanong S, Satapanajaru T, Boparai H, Harris C, Snow D, Cassada DA
(2009) Field-scale cleanup of atrazine and cyanazine contaminated soil with a combined
2 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: From Basic. . .
51
transformation of injected emulsified zerovalent iron nanoparticles in the subsurface during two
and half years. Water Res 47(12):4095–4106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.042
Su Y, Adeleye AS, Zhou X, Dai C, Zhang W, Keller AA, Zhang Y (2014) Effects of nitrate on the
treatment of lead contaminated groundwater by nanoscale zerovalent iron. J Hazard Mater
280:504–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.040
Sun Y-P, Li X-Q, Zhang W-X, Wang HP (2007) A method for the preparation of stable dispersion
of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 308(1–3):60–66.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.029
Sun Y, Li J, Huang T, Guan X (2016) The influences of iron characteristics, operating conditions
and solution chemistry on contaminants removal by zero-valent iron: a review. Water Res
100:277–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.031
Swartjes FA (ed) (2011) Dealing with contaminated sites: from theory towards practical application, 1st edn. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9757-6
Tang SCN, Lo IMC (2013) Magnetic nanoparticles: essential factors for sustainable environmental
applications. Water Res 47(8):2613–2632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.039
The Economist (2017) The most neglected threat to public health in China is toxic soil. The
Economist Newspaper Limited
Tiraferri A, Chen KL, Sethi R, Elimelech M (2008) Reduced aggregation and sedimentation of
zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the presence of guar gum. J Colloid Interface Sci 324
(1–2):71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.04.064
Tseng H-H, Su J-G, Liang C (2011) Synthesis of granular activated carbon/zero valent iron
composites for simultaneous adsorption/dechlorination of trichloroethylene. J Hazard Mater
192(2):500–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.047
US EPA (2000) Superfund: 20 years of protecting human health and the environment. Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC
US EPA (2011) Beneficial effects of the superfund program. Office of Superfund Remediation and
Technology Innovation, Washington, DC
US EPA (2018a) Superfund: CERCLA Overview. https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfundcercla-overview. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
US EPA (2018b) Superfund: National Priorities List (NPL). https://www.epa.gov/superfund/
superfund-national-priorities-list-npl. Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Üzüm Ç, Shahwan T, Eroǧlu AE, Hallam KR, Scott TB, Lieberwirth I (2009) Synthesis and
characterization of kaolinite-supported zero-valent iron nanoparticles and their application for
the removal of aqueous Cu
2+ and Co
2+ ions. Appl Clay Sci 43(2):172–181. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.clay.2008.07.030
Van Deuren J, Lloyd T, Chhetry S, Liou R, Peck J (2002) Remediation technologies screening
matrix and reference guide, version 4.0. FRTR. https://frtr.gov/matrix2/top_page.html.
Accessed 10 Dec 2018
Virkutyte J, Sillanpää M, Latostenmaa P (2002) Electrokinetic soil remediation — critical overview. Sci Total Environ 289(1–3):97–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01027-0
Wang J, Farrell J (2003) Investigating the role of atomic hydrogen on chloroethene reactions with
iron using Tafel analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 37
(17):3891–3896. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0264605
Wang C-B, Zhang W-X (1997) Synthesizing nanoscale iron particles for rapid and complete
dechlorination of TCE and PCBs. Environ Sci Technol 31(7):2154–2156. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es970039c
Wang W, Zhou M, Jin Z, Li T (2010) Reactivity characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) coated
nanoscale iron particles for trichloroethylene remediation. J Hazard Mater 173(1–3):724–730.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.145
Waria M, Comfort SD, Onanong S, Satapanajaru T, Boparai H, Harris C, Snow D, Cassada DA
(2009) Field-scale cleanup of atrazine and cyanazine contaminated soil with a combined
2 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: From Basic. . .
51