Chapter 33
Tool IV: Monitoring of nZVI Migration
and Fate in the Groundwater Conditions
Petra Skácelová and Jan Filip
Abstract An analytical toolbox suitable for monitoring of fate and transformation
of nZVI after its application into the groundwater is suggested in the following
chapter. The methods are assorted into two main groups classified as “indirect” and
“direct”. Each technique is described in detail and discussed with respect to its
employment for tracing iron nanoparticles.
Keywords nZVI · In-situ remediation · Monitoring · Fate · Transformation ·
Analytical toolbox
33.1 Introduction
When industrial nanoparticles are injected into the environment, including nanoscale
zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles used for groundwater remediation, their fast and
precise tracking in the groundwater flowing through porous media is vital for two
different reasons. Firstly, despite the unquestionable benefits of nanoremediation,
complete risk assessment is required, as it is in the case of other remediation
techniques (Shi et al. 2015). While considering the pros and cons of nZVI usage,
the following aspects should be taken into account: the influence of nanoparticles
(NPs) on the environment and indigenous biota; the scope of the impact; the
potential risk of NPs spreading into drinking water sources. Secondly, the
P. Skácelová
Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc,
Olomouc, Czech Republic
NANO IRON, s.r.o., Židlochovice, Czech Republic
J. Filip (*)
Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc,
Olomouc, Czech Republic
e-mail: jan.filip@upol.cz
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_33
633
Tool IV: Monitoring of nZVI Migration
and Fate in the Groundwater Conditions
Petra Skácelová and Jan Filip
Abstract An analytical toolbox suitable for monitoring of fate and transformation
of nZVI after its application into the groundwater is suggested in the following
chapter. The methods are assorted into two main groups classified as “indirect” and
“direct”. Each technique is described in detail and discussed with respect to its
employment for tracing iron nanoparticles.
Keywords nZVI · In-situ remediation · Monitoring · Fate · Transformation ·
Analytical toolbox
33.1 Introduction
When industrial nanoparticles are injected into the environment, including nanoscale
zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles used for groundwater remediation, their fast and
precise tracking in the groundwater flowing through porous media is vital for two
different reasons. Firstly, despite the unquestionable benefits of nanoremediation,
complete risk assessment is required, as it is in the case of other remediation
techniques (Shi et al. 2015). While considering the pros and cons of nZVI usage,
the following aspects should be taken into account: the influence of nanoparticles
(NPs) on the environment and indigenous biota; the scope of the impact; the
potential risk of NPs spreading into drinking water sources. Secondly, the
P. Skácelová
Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc,
Olomouc, Czech Republic
NANO IRON, s.r.o., Židlochovice, Czech Republic
J. Filip (*)
Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc,
Olomouc, Czech Republic
e-mail: jan.filip@upol.cz
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_33
633