Chapter 30
Tool I: Characterization of nZVI Mobility
in 1D and Cascade Columns by
Ferromagnetic Susceptibility Sensor
Petr Parma, Alena Ševců, and Miroslav Černík
Abstract Mobility of nZVI is a vital parameter for designing effective in situ
remediation strategy. This chapter describes the utilization of a laboratory device
developed for the characterization of migration of differently modified nZVI materials based on their ferromagnetic properties. The one-dimensional column is suitable for comparing the migration properties of different types of nZVI and is less
demanding for the material, while the cascade column simulates the process after
nZVI injection into the treated well more realistically.
Keywords Nanoparticle · Iron · Magnetic susceptibility · Migration · Column
30.1 Introduction
Assessment of migration ability of different nZVI types or ferromagnetic
nanoparticles under laboratory conditions is, in the vast majority of cases, limited
to a one-dimensional arrangement (He et al. 2009; Kocur et al. 2013; Saleh et al.
2008). Experiments in a column setup represent an efficient and reliable option for
mobility studies, especially when comparing nZVI materials of different particle size
and surface modifications. It is possible to use a variety of columns filled with a
suitable material, which could be monodisperse and chemically homogeneous material such as sorted or specially purified quartz sand (Saleh et al. 2008; Raychoudhury
et al. 2012) or a polydisperse soil material taken directly from the studied site. The
simplest column tests can be performed by pumping defined dispersion of nZVI
through sand or soil, usually in short columns (about 10–25 cm) (Zhang et al. 2017).
P. Parma (*) · A. Ševců
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
e-mail: petr.parma@tul.cz
M. Černík
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_30
609
Tool I: Characterization of nZVI Mobility
in 1D and Cascade Columns by
Ferromagnetic Susceptibility Sensor
Petr Parma, Alena Ševců, and Miroslav Černík
Abstract Mobility of nZVI is a vital parameter for designing effective in situ
remediation strategy. This chapter describes the utilization of a laboratory device
developed for the characterization of migration of differently modified nZVI materials based on their ferromagnetic properties. The one-dimensional column is suitable for comparing the migration properties of different types of nZVI and is less
demanding for the material, while the cascade column simulates the process after
nZVI injection into the treated well more realistically.
Keywords Nanoparticle · Iron · Magnetic susceptibility · Migration · Column
30.1 Introduction
Assessment of migration ability of different nZVI types or ferromagnetic
nanoparticles under laboratory conditions is, in the vast majority of cases, limited
to a one-dimensional arrangement (He et al. 2009; Kocur et al. 2013; Saleh et al.
2008). Experiments in a column setup represent an efficient and reliable option for
mobility studies, especially when comparing nZVI materials of different particle size
and surface modifications. It is possible to use a variety of columns filled with a
suitable material, which could be monodisperse and chemically homogeneous material such as sorted or specially purified quartz sand (Saleh et al. 2008; Raychoudhury
et al. 2012) or a polydisperse soil material taken directly from the studied site. The
simplest column tests can be performed by pumping defined dispersion of nZVI
through sand or soil, usually in short columns (about 10–25 cm) (Zhang et al. 2017).
P. Parma (*) · A. Ševců
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
e-mail: petr.parma@tul.cz
M. Černík
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of
Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
AQUATEST a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. Filip et al. (eds.), Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment,
Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_30
609