2. Prone to lengthy transfer, therefore to global circulation, yet in isolated areas
where the compound has not been utilized or dumped, due to the compound’s
physical-chemical properties;
3. Bioaccumulative during the food web; and
4. Noxious to living creatures, together with humans and wildlife.
POPs containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has
been traced into the river and costal aquifer [79]. PCBs in rivers and coastal aquifer
may cause possible human health hazard [80]. It is known that
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs)
has been applied as pesticides in the agricultural function but now it is banned by
the government due to its toxic and carcinogenic effects. But new sources of DDTs
and HCHs have investigated and associated to local usage of lindane, dicofol, and
DDT-containing anti-fouling paints [79]. In the perspective of global water contamination, POPs create a rigorous crisis chiefly because of their great bioaccumulation and biomagnification prospective in aquatic food webs [81].
3.5 Endocrine Disruptive Chemicals (EDC)
One of the emerging organic pollutants groups is Endocrine disruptive chemicals
which create the hormonal imbalance affecting the normal homeostatic reproduction, development or behavior. These also caused irregular endocrine behavior and
amplifies cancer hazard in human [82].
Pesticides
In the previous 4 decades, the utilization of pesticides has amplified considerably all
over the world. It endeavours at safety of crops from pest invasion to attain elevated
crop yield with improved features [83]. An approximate amount of 2.5 million tons
of pesticides is applied in the world yearly with incessant augment [84]. An
approximate quantity of merely 0.1% of pesticides used arrive at the objective
organisms and the residual 99.9% go away through air, soil and water, therefore
consequential in the pollution of natural ecosystems and distressing human health
[84]. Clinical features like headache, vomiting, dizziness, muscle weakness,
shortness of breath, skin rash and burning sensation in the urinary tract owing to
pesticide contact have been founded in human [85].
Dyes: Now a days industry are heavily using dyes, water soluble toxic chemicals. Dyes are generally used in textile, food, paper, leather and tanning industries
to give color code on products [12, 13]. The untreated effluents of these industries
are continuously contaminating the water and soil. This is the reason that humans
are getting affected to this toxicity by consuming the vegetables, fruits and grains
which have sown in soil and irrigated by water contaminated by dyes. The use of
Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment …
53
where the compound has not been utilized or dumped, due to the compound’s
physical-chemical properties;
3. Bioaccumulative during the food web; and
4. Noxious to living creatures, together with humans and wildlife.
POPs containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has
been traced into the river and costal aquifer [79]. PCBs in rivers and coastal aquifer
may cause possible human health hazard [80]. It is known that
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs)
has been applied as pesticides in the agricultural function but now it is banned by
the government due to its toxic and carcinogenic effects. But new sources of DDTs
and HCHs have investigated and associated to local usage of lindane, dicofol, and
DDT-containing anti-fouling paints [79]. In the perspective of global water contamination, POPs create a rigorous crisis chiefly because of their great bioaccumulation and biomagnification prospective in aquatic food webs [81].
3.5 Endocrine Disruptive Chemicals (EDC)
One of the emerging organic pollutants groups is Endocrine disruptive chemicals
which create the hormonal imbalance affecting the normal homeostatic reproduction, development or behavior. These also caused irregular endocrine behavior and
amplifies cancer hazard in human [82].
Pesticides
In the previous 4 decades, the utilization of pesticides has amplified considerably all
over the world. It endeavours at safety of crops from pest invasion to attain elevated
crop yield with improved features [83]. An approximate amount of 2.5 million tons
of pesticides is applied in the world yearly with incessant augment [84]. An
approximate quantity of merely 0.1% of pesticides used arrive at the objective
organisms and the residual 99.9% go away through air, soil and water, therefore
consequential in the pollution of natural ecosystems and distressing human health
[84]. Clinical features like headache, vomiting, dizziness, muscle weakness,
shortness of breath, skin rash and burning sensation in the urinary tract owing to
pesticide contact have been founded in human [85].
Dyes: Now a days industry are heavily using dyes, water soluble toxic chemicals. Dyes are generally used in textile, food, paper, leather and tanning industries
to give color code on products [12, 13]. The untreated effluents of these industries
are continuously contaminating the water and soil. This is the reason that humans
are getting affected to this toxicity by consuming the vegetables, fruits and grains
which have sown in soil and irrigated by water contaminated by dyes. The use of
Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment …
53