54. Wen, Y., Li, F. Y., Dong, X., Zhang, J., Xiong, Q., & Chen, P. (2013). The electrical
detection of lead ions using gold-nanoparticle-and DNAzyme-functionalized graphene device.
Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2(2), 271–274.
55. An, J. H., & Jang, J. (2017). A highly sensitive FET-type aptasensor using flower-like MoS 2
nanospheres for real-time detection of arsenic (iii). Nanoscale, 9(22), 7483–7492.
56. Zhou, G., Chang, J., Pu, H., Shi, K., Mao, S., Sui, X. … Chen, J. (2016). Ultrasensitive
mercury ion detection using DNA-functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanosheet/gold
nanoparticle hybrid field-effect transistor device. ACS Sensors, 1(3), 295–302
57. Li, P., Zhang, D., Sun, Y. E., Chang, H., Liu, J., & Yin, N. (2016). Towards intrinsic MoS 2
devices for high performance arsenite sensing. Applied Physics Letters, 109(6), 063110.
58. Li, P., Zhang, D., Liu, J., Chang, H., Sun, Y. E., & Yin, N. (2015). Air-stable black
phosphorus devices for ion sensing. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7(44), 24396–
24402.
59. Zhou, G., Pu, H., Chang, J., Sui, X., Mao, S., & Chen, J. (2018). Real-time electronic sensor
based on black phosphorus/Au NPs/DTT hybrid structure: Application in arsenic detection.
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 257, 214–219.
60. Mikolajick, T., & Weber, W. M. (2015). Silicon nanowires: Fabrication and applications.
In Anisotropic nanomaterials (pp. 1–25). Cham: Springer.
61. Luo, L., Jie, J., Zhang, W., He, Z., Wang, J., Yuan, G. … Lee, S. T. (2009). Silicon nanowire
sensors for Hg
2+ and Cd
2+ ions. Applied Physics Letters, 94(19), 193101.
62. Chen, K. H., Wang, H. W., Kang, B. S., Chang, C. Y., Wang, Y. L., Lele, T. P., et al. (2008).
Low Hg (II) ion concentration electrical detection with AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility
transistors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 134(2), 386–389.
63. Chen, Y. T., Sarangadharan, I., Sukesan, R., Hseih, C. Y., Lee, G. Y., Chyi, J. I., & Wang, Y.
L. (2018). High-field modulated ion-selective field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors with
sensitivity higher than the ideal Nernst sensitivity. Scientific reports, 8.
64. Minami, T., Minamiki, T., & Tokito, S. (2016). Detection of mercury (II) ion in water using
an organic field-effect transistor with a cysteine-immobilized gold electrode. Japanese
Journal of Applied Physics, 55(4S), 04EL02.
65. Taillades, G., Valls, O., Bratov, A., Dominguez, C., Pradel, A., & Ribes, M. (1999). ISE and
ISFET microsensors based on a sensitive chalcogenide glass for copper ion detection in
solution. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 59(2–3), 123–127.
66. Frant, M. S., & Ross, J. W. (1966). Electrode for sensing fluoride ion activity in solution.
Science, 154(3756), 1553–1555.
67. Moritz, W., Meierhöfer, I., & Müller, L. (1988). Fluoride-sensitive membrane for ISFETs.
Sensors and Actuators, 15(3), 211–219.
68. Hara, H., Yabuuchi, K., Higashida, M., & Ogawa, M. (1998). Determination of free and total
fluoride in rain water using a continuous-flow system equipped with a fluoride ion-selective
electrode detector. Analytica Chimica Acta, 364(1–3), 117–123.
69. Hara, H., & Huang, C. C. (1997). Buffer composition suitable for determining very low
fluoride concentrations using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and its application to the
continuous analysis of rain water. Analytica Chimica Acta, 338(1–2), 141–147.
70. Moritz, W., van der Schoot, B. H., de Rooij, N. F., van der Vlekkert, H. H., & Ligtenberg, H.
C. G. (1993). ISFET combination pH/pF for the fast determination of very low fluoride
concentrations using acid solutions. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 13(1–3), 217–220.
71. Ion, A. C., Ion, I., Antonisse, M. M. G., Snelink-Rüuel, B. H. M., & Reinhoudt, D. N. (2001).
Characteristics of fluoride-selective electrode with uranyl salophen receptors in aqueous
solutions. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 71(2), 159–161.
72. Ismail, A. B. M., Furuichi, K., Yoshinobu, T., & Iwasaki, H. (2002). Light-addressable
potentiometric fluoride (F
−
) sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 86(1), 94–97.
Materials for Electrical Detection of Water Pollutants
123
detection of lead ions using gold-nanoparticle-and DNAzyme-functionalized graphene device.
Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2(2), 271–274.
55. An, J. H., & Jang, J. (2017). A highly sensitive FET-type aptasensor using flower-like MoS 2
nanospheres for real-time detection of arsenic (iii). Nanoscale, 9(22), 7483–7492.
56. Zhou, G., Chang, J., Pu, H., Shi, K., Mao, S., Sui, X. … Chen, J. (2016). Ultrasensitive
mercury ion detection using DNA-functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanosheet/gold
nanoparticle hybrid field-effect transistor device. ACS Sensors, 1(3), 295–302
57. Li, P., Zhang, D., Sun, Y. E., Chang, H., Liu, J., & Yin, N. (2016). Towards intrinsic MoS 2
devices for high performance arsenite sensing. Applied Physics Letters, 109(6), 063110.
58. Li, P., Zhang, D., Liu, J., Chang, H., Sun, Y. E., & Yin, N. (2015). Air-stable black
phosphorus devices for ion sensing. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7(44), 24396–
24402.
59. Zhou, G., Pu, H., Chang, J., Sui, X., Mao, S., & Chen, J. (2018). Real-time electronic sensor
based on black phosphorus/Au NPs/DTT hybrid structure: Application in arsenic detection.
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 257, 214–219.
60. Mikolajick, T., & Weber, W. M. (2015). Silicon nanowires: Fabrication and applications.
In Anisotropic nanomaterials (pp. 1–25). Cham: Springer.
61. Luo, L., Jie, J., Zhang, W., He, Z., Wang, J., Yuan, G. … Lee, S. T. (2009). Silicon nanowire
sensors for Hg
2+ and Cd
2+ ions. Applied Physics Letters, 94(19), 193101.
62. Chen, K. H., Wang, H. W., Kang, B. S., Chang, C. Y., Wang, Y. L., Lele, T. P., et al. (2008).
Low Hg (II) ion concentration electrical detection with AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility
transistors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 134(2), 386–389.
63. Chen, Y. T., Sarangadharan, I., Sukesan, R., Hseih, C. Y., Lee, G. Y., Chyi, J. I., & Wang, Y.
L. (2018). High-field modulated ion-selective field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors with
sensitivity higher than the ideal Nernst sensitivity. Scientific reports, 8.
64. Minami, T., Minamiki, T., & Tokito, S. (2016). Detection of mercury (II) ion in water using
an organic field-effect transistor with a cysteine-immobilized gold electrode. Japanese
Journal of Applied Physics, 55(4S), 04EL02.
65. Taillades, G., Valls, O., Bratov, A., Dominguez, C., Pradel, A., & Ribes, M. (1999). ISE and
ISFET microsensors based on a sensitive chalcogenide glass for copper ion detection in
solution. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 59(2–3), 123–127.
66. Frant, M. S., & Ross, J. W. (1966). Electrode for sensing fluoride ion activity in solution.
Science, 154(3756), 1553–1555.
67. Moritz, W., Meierhöfer, I., & Müller, L. (1988). Fluoride-sensitive membrane for ISFETs.
Sensors and Actuators, 15(3), 211–219.
68. Hara, H., Yabuuchi, K., Higashida, M., & Ogawa, M. (1998). Determination of free and total
fluoride in rain water using a continuous-flow system equipped with a fluoride ion-selective
electrode detector. Analytica Chimica Acta, 364(1–3), 117–123.
69. Hara, H., & Huang, C. C. (1997). Buffer composition suitable for determining very low
fluoride concentrations using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and its application to the
continuous analysis of rain water. Analytica Chimica Acta, 338(1–2), 141–147.
70. Moritz, W., van der Schoot, B. H., de Rooij, N. F., van der Vlekkert, H. H., & Ligtenberg, H.
C. G. (1993). ISFET combination pH/pF for the fast determination of very low fluoride
concentrations using acid solutions. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 13(1–3), 217–220.
71. Ion, A. C., Ion, I., Antonisse, M. M. G., Snelink-Rüuel, B. H. M., & Reinhoudt, D. N. (2001).
Characteristics of fluoride-selective electrode with uranyl salophen receptors in aqueous
solutions. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 71(2), 159–161.
72. Ismail, A. B. M., Furuichi, K., Yoshinobu, T., & Iwasaki, H. (2002). Light-addressable
potentiometric fluoride (F
−
) sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 86(1), 94–97.
Materials for Electrical Detection of Water Pollutants
123