Organophosphate is a well known toxic compound. Organophosphate has various
derivative to act as pesticide, insecticide, weedicide etc. Commonly known method
for electrode designing in ISFET towards pesticides is incorporating enzyme into
the polymeric membrane to immobalise the analyte of interset. Membrane A:
Polymethylmethacrylate
with
monomer
bisphenol-A-bis(2-hydroxypropyl
methacrylate) For Pesticide and Membrane B: polyacrylamide with monomer
bifunctional bisacrylamide for Cu (II) with enzyme urease and AChE was reported.
9 Conclusion and Prospective
As per the complete discussion, sensing through potentiometric technique is a good
alternative to many lab based detection techniques such as optical detection,
electrochemical detection techniques and others, because of the ability to miniaturization and easy commercial bulk production of the sensing electrode. But, still
there is a great room for research to investigate materials to make fast response
devices such as HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) in lower the response
time and enhancement in sensitivity many folds.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD), New Delhi for financial support to conduct the study.
References
1. US EPA. (2014). Drinking water contaminants, http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/
index.cfm, accessed January 2014.
2. Shannon, M. A., Bohn, P. W., Elimelech, M., Georgiadis, J. G., Marinas, B. J., & Mayes, A.
M. (2010). Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades.
In Nanoscience and technology: A collection of reviews from nature Journals (pp. 337–346).
3. Environmental Protection Agency, US. (2006). Inorganic contaminant accumulation in
potable water distribution systems. USA: Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water.
4. UN WWAP. (2003). The world water development report 1: Water for people, water for life.
UNESCO, Paris
5. Elimelech, M. (2006). The global challenge for adequate and safe water. Journal of Water
Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 55(1), 3–10.
6. Fawell, J., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2003). Contaminants in drinking water environmental
pollution and health. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 199–208.
7. Devi, P., Sharma, C., Kumar, P., Kumar, M., Bansod, B. K., Nayak, M. K., et al. (2017).
Selective electrochemical sensing for arsenite using rGO/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites. Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 322, 85–94.
8. Barakat, M. A. (2011). New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 4(4), 361–377.
120
C. Sharma et al.
derivative to act as pesticide, insecticide, weedicide etc. Commonly known method
for electrode designing in ISFET towards pesticides is incorporating enzyme into
the polymeric membrane to immobalise the analyte of interset. Membrane A:
Polymethylmethacrylate
with
monomer
bisphenol-A-bis(2-hydroxypropyl
methacrylate) For Pesticide and Membrane B: polyacrylamide with monomer
bifunctional bisacrylamide for Cu (II) with enzyme urease and AChE was reported.
9 Conclusion and Prospective
As per the complete discussion, sensing through potentiometric technique is a good
alternative to many lab based detection techniques such as optical detection,
electrochemical detection techniques and others, because of the ability to miniaturization and easy commercial bulk production of the sensing electrode. But, still
there is a great room for research to investigate materials to make fast response
devices such as HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) in lower the response
time and enhancement in sensitivity many folds.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD), New Delhi for financial support to conduct the study.
References
1. US EPA. (2014). Drinking water contaminants, http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/
index.cfm, accessed January 2014.
2. Shannon, M. A., Bohn, P. W., Elimelech, M., Georgiadis, J. G., Marinas, B. J., & Mayes, A.
M. (2010). Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades.
In Nanoscience and technology: A collection of reviews from nature Journals (pp. 337–346).
3. Environmental Protection Agency, US. (2006). Inorganic contaminant accumulation in
potable water distribution systems. USA: Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water.
4. UN WWAP. (2003). The world water development report 1: Water for people, water for life.
UNESCO, Paris
5. Elimelech, M. (2006). The global challenge for adequate and safe water. Journal of Water
Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 55(1), 3–10.
6. Fawell, J., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2003). Contaminants in drinking water environmental
pollution and health. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 199–208.
7. Devi, P., Sharma, C., Kumar, P., Kumar, M., Bansod, B. K., Nayak, M. K., et al. (2017).
Selective electrochemical sensing for arsenite using rGO/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites. Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 322, 85–94.
8. Barakat, M. A. (2011). New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater.
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 4(4), 361–377.
120
C. Sharma et al.