Amongst the fundamental human right, safe and sufficient water for human consumption is on the topmost priority since water is the origin and sustenance of life.
However, the increasing industrial growth, urbanization, and related geogenic disturbance have degraded the water resources. The sensor system has a critical role to
play in assessing the type and level of water pollution. Besides, it has a critical role to
play in monitoring the performance of water pollutants remedial system. Over the
conventional method of analysis of water pollutants, the various other analytical
approaches such as electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescence, absorbance, electrical, etc., have found significant potential in the design of a portable sensor system.
However, the sensitivity, selectivity, and response time of these techniques are highly
dependent upon the sensor material characteristic. The present book aims to contain
and discusses these aspects of water pollutants sensors to severe as handy information
in the present context for the students, researchers, engineers and technologist
working in this field to address various challenges. The emphasis has also been given
to specific techniques, including electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescence, and
biosensing with respect to materials innovations. As to make the sensors, the required
materials need to have specific, structural, optical, chemical, electrical properties;
therefore, the selection of materials to make different sensors becomes very critical.
The first chapter of the book starts by explaining the role of different materials to
develop the sensors for water pollutant monitoring, followed by the origin of different
pollutant in the second chapter. Detecting pollution timely and locating the pollution
source is of great importance in environmental protection. Numerous water pollutants
have been discovered, consequently, to differentiate we discuss the conventional and
emerging water pollutants in Chapter “Types of Water Pollutants: Conventional and
Emerging”. Having known about the various pollutants, we further discuss their
original sources and their impact on the environment and human health in Chapter
“Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment and Human Health”. Up
to now, we can establish the background which we require to understand the issue of
the pollutant and their side-effects on our day-to-day life, and conceived that efficient
and selective sensors are required to monitor the exact quantity of these pollutants in
the water. Thereby, we discuss in detail the analytical methods available to monitor
these pollutants in Chapter “Analytical Methods of Water Pollutants Detection”.
As there are plentiful types of water pollutants are reported including the emerging
pollutant and most of them are having different specifications and also a source of
origin. Therefore, to detect them efficiently and selectively, different types of water
quality monitoring sensors are needed. Most important parameters when we design
and select the sensors types include the chemical nature of the pollutant, sensitivity,
selectivity, response time, size and speed of the possible sensors. Based on these
requirements sensors can be divided into categories depending on the type of sensor
being used, and the environmental factors that an analyst is looking at. From Chapters
Plasmonic Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene Sheets for Detection of Water
Pollutants to Immunochromatographic Strip Based Sensor for the Detection of Water
Pollutants, we discuss various sensors in details which include plasmonic sensors,
electrical sensors, colorimetric, fluorescent chemo-sensors, electrochemical sensors,
biosensors, nucleic acid-based sensors, and immune-chromatographic strip based
2
D. Pooja et al.
However, the increasing industrial growth, urbanization, and related geogenic disturbance have degraded the water resources. The sensor system has a critical role to
play in assessing the type and level of water pollution. Besides, it has a critical role to
play in monitoring the performance of water pollutants remedial system. Over the
conventional method of analysis of water pollutants, the various other analytical
approaches such as electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescence, absorbance, electrical, etc., have found significant potential in the design of a portable sensor system.
However, the sensitivity, selectivity, and response time of these techniques are highly
dependent upon the sensor material characteristic. The present book aims to contain
and discusses these aspects of water pollutants sensors to severe as handy information
in the present context for the students, researchers, engineers and technologist
working in this field to address various challenges. The emphasis has also been given
to specific techniques, including electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescence, and
biosensing with respect to materials innovations. As to make the sensors, the required
materials need to have specific, structural, optical, chemical, electrical properties;
therefore, the selection of materials to make different sensors becomes very critical.
The first chapter of the book starts by explaining the role of different materials to
develop the sensors for water pollutant monitoring, followed by the origin of different
pollutant in the second chapter. Detecting pollution timely and locating the pollution
source is of great importance in environmental protection. Numerous water pollutants
have been discovered, consequently, to differentiate we discuss the conventional and
emerging water pollutants in Chapter “Types of Water Pollutants: Conventional and
Emerging”. Having known about the various pollutants, we further discuss their
original sources and their impact on the environment and human health in Chapter
“Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment and Human Health”. Up
to now, we can establish the background which we require to understand the issue of
the pollutant and their side-effects on our day-to-day life, and conceived that efficient
and selective sensors are required to monitor the exact quantity of these pollutants in
the water. Thereby, we discuss in detail the analytical methods available to monitor
these pollutants in Chapter “Analytical Methods of Water Pollutants Detection”.
As there are plentiful types of water pollutants are reported including the emerging
pollutant and most of them are having different specifications and also a source of
origin. Therefore, to detect them efficiently and selectively, different types of water
quality monitoring sensors are needed. Most important parameters when we design
and select the sensors types include the chemical nature of the pollutant, sensitivity,
selectivity, response time, size and speed of the possible sensors. Based on these
requirements sensors can be divided into categories depending on the type of sensor
being used, and the environmental factors that an analyst is looking at. From Chapters
Plasmonic Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene Sheets for Detection of Water
Pollutants to Immunochromatographic Strip Based Sensor for the Detection of Water
Pollutants, we discuss various sensors in details which include plasmonic sensors,
electrical sensors, colorimetric, fluorescent chemo-sensors, electrochemical sensors,
biosensors, nucleic acid-based sensors, and immune-chromatographic strip based
2
D. Pooja et al.