Introduction: Role of Materials
in Sensors for Water Pollutants
Monitoring
D. Pooja, Pardeep Singh, Sandip Patil and Praveen Kumar
Abstract Water is a vital for the existence of any form of life on earth. However, the
current century is witnessing the declining groundwater level as well as increased
pollution of water resources. Both these challenges require utmost global attention to
ensure safe and enough water supply to every human being as a fundamental human
right. Sensors has a critical say to monitor the quality of available water as well to
prevent its contamination by anthropogenic activities. They can be used as a tool by
regulatory bodies in policy making as well as decision for selection of necessary
remedial systems for water pollutants. Most of the conventional as well as emerging
organic, inorganic, and biological pollutants has a life-threatening impact on the
ecosystem, which necessitates the serious and periodical water quality monitoring.
This monogram at first introduces these pollutants and their health effect. We further
discuss the various existing analytical tools for water pollutants detection. The
transduction techniques as well as materials role to achieve desired sensitivity and
selectivity of sensor are discussed in the chapter dedicated for plasmonic sensors,
electrical sensors, colorimetric, fluorescent chemo-sensors, electrochemical sensors,
biosensors, nucleic acid-based sensors, etc. Finally, we deliberate the futuristic
development to be taken up for reliable and field level detection of these pollutants in
reference to technique and material selection.
Keywords Sensors Á Water Á Pollutants Á Organic Á Inorganic Á Biological Á
Optical Á Electrical Á Materials Á Sensitivity
D. Pooja (&)
CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
e-mail: poojaiitr@csio.res.in
P. Singh
PGDAV College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
S. Patil
ESpin Nanotech, Kanpur, India
P. Kumar
School of Material Science, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
D. Pooja et al. (eds.), Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material,
Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_1
1
in Sensors for Water Pollutants
Monitoring
D. Pooja, Pardeep Singh, Sandip Patil and Praveen Kumar
Abstract Water is a vital for the existence of any form of life on earth. However, the
current century is witnessing the declining groundwater level as well as increased
pollution of water resources. Both these challenges require utmost global attention to
ensure safe and enough water supply to every human being as a fundamental human
right. Sensors has a critical say to monitor the quality of available water as well to
prevent its contamination by anthropogenic activities. They can be used as a tool by
regulatory bodies in policy making as well as decision for selection of necessary
remedial systems for water pollutants. Most of the conventional as well as emerging
organic, inorganic, and biological pollutants has a life-threatening impact on the
ecosystem, which necessitates the serious and periodical water quality monitoring.
This monogram at first introduces these pollutants and their health effect. We further
discuss the various existing analytical tools for water pollutants detection. The
transduction techniques as well as materials role to achieve desired sensitivity and
selectivity of sensor are discussed in the chapter dedicated for plasmonic sensors,
electrical sensors, colorimetric, fluorescent chemo-sensors, electrochemical sensors,
biosensors, nucleic acid-based sensors, etc. Finally, we deliberate the futuristic
development to be taken up for reliable and field level detection of these pollutants in
reference to technique and material selection.
Keywords Sensors Á Water Á Pollutants Á Organic Á Inorganic Á Biological Á
Optical Á Electrical Á Materials Á Sensitivity
D. Pooja (&)
CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
e-mail: poojaiitr@csio.res.in
P. Singh
PGDAV College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
S. Patil
ESpin Nanotech, Kanpur, India
P. Kumar
School of Material Science, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
D. Pooja et al. (eds.), Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material,
Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_1
1