85
• The presence of different types of defects in the structure of the metal organic
frameworks may be considered the main reason for their catalytic activities.
• The first type of these two types of defects are the metal centers that served as
Lewis acid centers. The acidic site is essential for the heterolytic dissociation of
the hydrogen molecules.
• The second type of these two types of defects are the base sites that are presented
in the functionalized organic linkers. These sites played the main role in the
adsorption of carbon dioxide.
• The synthesis of resistive and durable MOFs for the experimental conditions,
which give high yield of methanol and high selectivity at required experimental
conditions, is still a big challenge.
• The incorporation of the nano-sized active metals in the framework is still one of
the routes that should be studied for increasing the transformation of CO 2 to
methanol due to their exceptional properties.
References
Abdullah H, Khan MR, Pudukudy M, Yaakob Z, Ismail NA (2015) CeO 2 -TiO 2 as a visible light
active catalyst for the photoreduction of CO 2 to methanol. J Rare Earths 33:1155–1161. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(14)60540-8
Albo J, Vallejo D, Beobide G, Castillo O, CastaÇo P, Irabien A (2016) Copper-based metal–
organic porous materials for CO 2 Electrocatalytic reduction to alcohols. ChemSusChem 9:1–
11. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600693
Al-Maamary HM, Kazem HA, Chaichan MT (2017) Climate change: the game changer in the
Gulf cooperation council region. Renew Sust Energ Rev 76:555–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2017.03.048
Alonso A, Moral-Vico J, Markeb AA, Busquets-Fité M, Komilis D, Puntes V, Sánchez A, Font X
(2017) Critical review of existing nanomaterial adsorbents to capture carbon dioxide and methane. Sci Total Environ 595:51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.229
Anwara MN, Fayyaz A, Sohail NF, Khokhar MF, Baqar M, Khan WD, Rasool K, Rehan M, Nizami
AS (2018) CO 2 capture and storage: a way forward for sustainable environment. J Environ
Manag 226:131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.009
Appel AM, Bercaw JE, Bocarsly AB, Dobbek H, DuBois DL, Dupuis M, Ferry JG, Fujita E,
Hille R, Kenis PJA, Kerfeld CA, Morris RH, Peden CHF, Portis AR, Ragsdale SW, Rauchfuss
TB, Reek JNH, Seefeldt LC, Thauer RK, Waldrop GL (2013) Frontiers, opportunities, and
challenges in biochemical and chemical catalysis of CO 2 fixation. Chem Rev 113:6621–6658.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300463y
Arakawa H, Arest M, Armor JN, Barteau MA, Beckman EJ, Bell AT, Bercaw JE, Creutz C, Dinjus
E, Dixon DA, Domen K, DuBois DL, Eckert J, Fujita E, Gibson DH, Goddard WA, Goodman
DW, Keller J, Kubas GJ, Kung HH, Lyons JE, Manzer LE, Marks TJ, Morokuma K, Nicholas
KM, Periana R, Que L, Rostrup-Nielson J, Sachtler WMH, Schmidt LD, Sen A, Somorjai GA,
Stair PC, Stults BR, Tumas W (2001) Catalysis research of relevance to carbon management:
Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Chem Rev 101:953–996. https://doi.org/10.1021/
cr000018s
Asara GG, Ricart JM, Rodriguez JA, Illas F (2015) Exploring the activity of a novel Au/TiC
(001) model catalyst towards CO and CO 2 hydrogenation. Surf Sci 640:141–149. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.susc.2015.01.018
3 Application of Metal Organic Frameworks in Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Methanol
• The presence of different types of defects in the structure of the metal organic
frameworks may be considered the main reason for their catalytic activities.
• The first type of these two types of defects are the metal centers that served as
Lewis acid centers. The acidic site is essential for the heterolytic dissociation of
the hydrogen molecules.
• The second type of these two types of defects are the base sites that are presented
in the functionalized organic linkers. These sites played the main role in the
adsorption of carbon dioxide.
• The synthesis of resistive and durable MOFs for the experimental conditions,
which give high yield of methanol and high selectivity at required experimental
conditions, is still a big challenge.
• The incorporation of the nano-sized active metals in the framework is still one of
the routes that should be studied for increasing the transformation of CO 2 to
methanol due to their exceptional properties.
References
Abdullah H, Khan MR, Pudukudy M, Yaakob Z, Ismail NA (2015) CeO 2 -TiO 2 as a visible light
active catalyst for the photoreduction of CO 2 to methanol. J Rare Earths 33:1155–1161. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(14)60540-8
Albo J, Vallejo D, Beobide G, Castillo O, CastaÇo P, Irabien A (2016) Copper-based metal–
organic porous materials for CO 2 Electrocatalytic reduction to alcohols. ChemSusChem 9:1–
11. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600693
Al-Maamary HM, Kazem HA, Chaichan MT (2017) Climate change: the game changer in the
Gulf cooperation council region. Renew Sust Energ Rev 76:555–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2017.03.048
Alonso A, Moral-Vico J, Markeb AA, Busquets-Fité M, Komilis D, Puntes V, Sánchez A, Font X
(2017) Critical review of existing nanomaterial adsorbents to capture carbon dioxide and methane. Sci Total Environ 595:51–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.229
Anwara MN, Fayyaz A, Sohail NF, Khokhar MF, Baqar M, Khan WD, Rasool K, Rehan M, Nizami
AS (2018) CO 2 capture and storage: a way forward for sustainable environment. J Environ
Manag 226:131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.009
Appel AM, Bercaw JE, Bocarsly AB, Dobbek H, DuBois DL, Dupuis M, Ferry JG, Fujita E,
Hille R, Kenis PJA, Kerfeld CA, Morris RH, Peden CHF, Portis AR, Ragsdale SW, Rauchfuss
TB, Reek JNH, Seefeldt LC, Thauer RK, Waldrop GL (2013) Frontiers, opportunities, and
challenges in biochemical and chemical catalysis of CO 2 fixation. Chem Rev 113:6621–6658.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300463y
Arakawa H, Arest M, Armor JN, Barteau MA, Beckman EJ, Bell AT, Bercaw JE, Creutz C, Dinjus
E, Dixon DA, Domen K, DuBois DL, Eckert J, Fujita E, Gibson DH, Goddard WA, Goodman
DW, Keller J, Kubas GJ, Kung HH, Lyons JE, Manzer LE, Marks TJ, Morokuma K, Nicholas
KM, Periana R, Que L, Rostrup-Nielson J, Sachtler WMH, Schmidt LD, Sen A, Somorjai GA,
Stair PC, Stults BR, Tumas W (2001) Catalysis research of relevance to carbon management:
Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Chem Rev 101:953–996. https://doi.org/10.1021/
cr000018s
Asara GG, Ricart JM, Rodriguez JA, Illas F (2015) Exploring the activity of a novel Au/TiC
(001) model catalyst towards CO and CO 2 hydrogenation. Surf Sci 640:141–149. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.susc.2015.01.018
3 Application of Metal Organic Frameworks in Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Methanol