106
Ewald J (2013) Carbon dioxide at NOAA’s Mauna Loa observatory reaches new milestone: tops
400 ppm. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/news/
CO2400.html Noaa research
Farlow MW, Adkins H (1935) The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and a correction of the
reported synthesis of Urethans. J Am Chem Soc 57:2222. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01314a054
Feaster JT, Shi C, Cave ER, Hatsukade T, Abram DN, Kuhl KP, Hahn C, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo
TF (2017) Understanding selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to
formic acid and carbon monoxide on metal electrodes. ACS Catal 7:4822–4827. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acscatal.7b00687
Fujiwara H, Hosokawa H, Murakoshi K, Wada Y, Yanagida S (1998) Surface characteristics of ZnS
Nanocrystallites relating to their Photocatalysis for CO 2 reduction. Langmuir 14:5154–5159.
https://doi.org/10.1021/la9801561
Ganesh I (2014) Conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol – a potential liquid fuel: fundamental challenges and opportunities (a review). Renew Sust Energ Rev 31:221–257. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.045
Gonzalez-Sebastian L, Flores-Alamo M, Garcıa JJ (2013) Nickel-catalyzed Hydrosilylation of CO 2
in the presence of Et 3 B for the synthesis of formic acid and related Formates. Organometallics
32:7186–7194. https://doi.org/10.1021/om400876j
Grasemann M, Laurenczy G (2012) Formic acid as a hydrogen source recent developments and
future trends. Energy Environ Sci 5:8171–8181. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EE21928J
Hansen JE (2007) Scientific reticence and Sea level rise. Environ Res Lett 2:024002. https://doi.
org/10.1088/1748-9326/2/2/024002
Hansen J, Kharecha P, Beerling D, Berner R, Masson-Delmotte V, Pagani M, Raymo M, Royer
DL, Zachos JC (2008) Target atmospheric CO 2 : where should humanity aim? J Open Atmos
Sci 2:217–231. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300802010217
Hao C, Wang S, Li M, Kang L, Ma X (2011) Hydrogenation of CO 2 to formic acid on supported
ruthenium catalysts. Catal Today 160:184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.05.034
Heinze K, Hempel K, Beckmann M (2006) Multielectron storage and photo-induced Electron
transfer in Oligonuclear complexes containing ruthenium (II) Terpyridine and ferrocene building blocks. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006:2040–2050. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200501078
Himeda Y (2007) Conversion of CO 2 into Formate by homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation in
water: tuning catalytic activity and water solubility through the Acid–Base equilibrium of the
ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 25:3927–3941. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200700494
Himeda Y, Miyazawa S, Hirose T (2011) Interconversion between formic acid and H 2 /CO 2 using
rhodium and ruthenium catalysts for CO 2 fixation and H 2 storage. ChemSusChem 4:487–493.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201000327
Hollingsworth N, Taylor SFR, Galante MT, Jacquemin J, Longo C, Holt KB, de Leeum NH,
Hardacre C (2015a) Reduction of carbon dioxide to Formate at low Overpotential using a
Superbase ionic liquid. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:14164–14168. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.201507629
Hollingsworth N, Taylor SF, Galante MT, Jacquemin J, Longo C, Holt KB, de Leeuw NH,
Hardacre C (2015b) CO 2 capture and electrochemical conversion using super basic [P 66614 ]
[124Triz]. Faraday Discuss 183:389–400. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00091B
Hori Y (2008) Electrochemical CO 2 reduction on metal electrodes. In: Vayenas C (ed)
Modern aspects of electrochemistry. Springer, New York, pp 89–189. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-0-387-49489-0_3
Hutschka F, Dedieu A, Eichberger M, Fornika R, Leitner W (1997) Mechanistic aspects of the
rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO 2 to formic acids a theoretical and kinetic study. J Am
Chem Soc 119:4432–4443
Inoue Y, Izumida H, Sasaki Y, Hashimoto H (1976) Catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide to formic
acid by transition-metal complexes under mild conditions. Chem Lett 5:863–864. https://doi.
org/10.1246/cl.1976.863
IPCC Third Assessment Report-Climate Change (2001) http://www.grida.no/publications/other/
ipcc_tar/?src=/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/339.htm
U. Fegade and G. Jethave
Ewald J (2013) Carbon dioxide at NOAA’s Mauna Loa observatory reaches new milestone: tops
400 ppm. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/news/
CO2400.html Noaa research
Farlow MW, Adkins H (1935) The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and a correction of the
reported synthesis of Urethans. J Am Chem Soc 57:2222. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01314a054
Feaster JT, Shi C, Cave ER, Hatsukade T, Abram DN, Kuhl KP, Hahn C, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo
TF (2017) Understanding selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to
formic acid and carbon monoxide on metal electrodes. ACS Catal 7:4822–4827. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acscatal.7b00687
Fujiwara H, Hosokawa H, Murakoshi K, Wada Y, Yanagida S (1998) Surface characteristics of ZnS
Nanocrystallites relating to their Photocatalysis for CO 2 reduction. Langmuir 14:5154–5159.
https://doi.org/10.1021/la9801561
Ganesh I (2014) Conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol – a potential liquid fuel: fundamental challenges and opportunities (a review). Renew Sust Energ Rev 31:221–257. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.045
Gonzalez-Sebastian L, Flores-Alamo M, Garcıa JJ (2013) Nickel-catalyzed Hydrosilylation of CO 2
in the presence of Et 3 B for the synthesis of formic acid and related Formates. Organometallics
32:7186–7194. https://doi.org/10.1021/om400876j
Grasemann M, Laurenczy G (2012) Formic acid as a hydrogen source recent developments and
future trends. Energy Environ Sci 5:8171–8181. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EE21928J
Hansen JE (2007) Scientific reticence and Sea level rise. Environ Res Lett 2:024002. https://doi.
org/10.1088/1748-9326/2/2/024002
Hansen J, Kharecha P, Beerling D, Berner R, Masson-Delmotte V, Pagani M, Raymo M, Royer
DL, Zachos JC (2008) Target atmospheric CO 2 : where should humanity aim? J Open Atmos
Sci 2:217–231. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300802010217
Hao C, Wang S, Li M, Kang L, Ma X (2011) Hydrogenation of CO 2 to formic acid on supported
ruthenium catalysts. Catal Today 160:184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.05.034
Heinze K, Hempel K, Beckmann M (2006) Multielectron storage and photo-induced Electron
transfer in Oligonuclear complexes containing ruthenium (II) Terpyridine and ferrocene building blocks. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006:2040–2050. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200501078
Himeda Y (2007) Conversion of CO 2 into Formate by homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation in
water: tuning catalytic activity and water solubility through the Acid–Base equilibrium of the
ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 25:3927–3941. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200700494
Himeda Y, Miyazawa S, Hirose T (2011) Interconversion between formic acid and H 2 /CO 2 using
rhodium and ruthenium catalysts for CO 2 fixation and H 2 storage. ChemSusChem 4:487–493.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201000327
Hollingsworth N, Taylor SFR, Galante MT, Jacquemin J, Longo C, Holt KB, de Leeum NH,
Hardacre C (2015a) Reduction of carbon dioxide to Formate at low Overpotential using a
Superbase ionic liquid. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:14164–14168. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.201507629
Hollingsworth N, Taylor SF, Galante MT, Jacquemin J, Longo C, Holt KB, de Leeuw NH,
Hardacre C (2015b) CO 2 capture and electrochemical conversion using super basic [P 66614 ]
[124Triz]. Faraday Discuss 183:389–400. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FD00091B
Hori Y (2008) Electrochemical CO 2 reduction on metal electrodes. In: Vayenas C (ed)
Modern aspects of electrochemistry. Springer, New York, pp 89–189. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-0-387-49489-0_3
Hutschka F, Dedieu A, Eichberger M, Fornika R, Leitner W (1997) Mechanistic aspects of the
rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO 2 to formic acids a theoretical and kinetic study. J Am
Chem Soc 119:4432–4443
Inoue Y, Izumida H, Sasaki Y, Hashimoto H (1976) Catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide to formic
acid by transition-metal complexes under mild conditions. Chem Lett 5:863–864. https://doi.
org/10.1246/cl.1976.863
IPCC Third Assessment Report-Climate Change (2001) http://www.grida.no/publications/other/
ipcc_tar/?src=/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/339.htm
U. Fegade and G. Jethave