representing the supercritical fluid chromatography SFC. However, SFC is of minor
importance, hence we will focus dominantly on gas chromatography (GC) and liquid
chromatography (LC). Variations of the stationary phase defines more preciously the
chromatographic systems. Both LC and GC can be realized with solid and liquid
stationary phases, whereby a special preparation of the liquid stationary phase is
necessary for immobilization. Finally, the type of interaction between analyte and
stationary phase discriminates the individual chromatographic techniques, e.g. ion
exchange or size-exclusion chromatography.
Noteworthy, the different individual chromatographic techniques use various
specific stationary phases and a wider spectrum especially of liquid mobile phases.
This will be introduced in more detail in Sect. 4.1.
Analyte
mobile phase
staƟonary phase
t = t 0
t = t 1
t = t 1
t = t 1
eluƟon pathway
convecƟon
convecƟon and dispersion
convecƟon, dispersion,
and retenƟon
Fig. 3.13 Main principles of chromatographic separation: the influence of the processes convection, dispersion and retention on the elution behavior
30
3 Sample Treatment