achieved by oxidizing agents (e.g. RuO 4 , KMnO 4 ). Oxidation attacks in a less
specific way the carbon backbones. If more aromatic or more aliphatic moieties
are cleaved depends inter alia on the used agents.
Noteworthy, by breaking down the macromolecular structure not only the degradation products are formed, also entrapped or closely associated (non-extractable)
low molecular compounds become released (see Fig. 4.57). This accounts for natural
products including their diagenetic products (such as biomarker) but also for anthropogenic pollutants. Therefore, this approach is also used for determination of
so-called bound residues. As a final aspect, the different degradation procedures
can be applied sequentially with increasing strength in order to obtain a more
comprehensive view on the macromolecular composition (including bound or
entrapped substances).
References
Cammann K (2010) Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-8274-2739-7
Schwedt G (2007) Taschenatlas der Analytik. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-31729-5
Further Reading
Bound residues
Schwarzbauer J, Jovancicevic B (2018) Bound residues. In: Organic pollutants in the geosphere.
Fundamentals in organic geochemistry, vol 3. Springer, New York, pp 47–53
Geopolymers
Schwarzbauer J, Jovancicevic B (2016) Macromolecules. In: From biomolecules to chemofossils.
Fundamentals in organic geochemistry, vol 2. Springer, New York, pp 127–158
Biomarker
Schwarzbauer J, Jovancicevic B (2016) The biomarker approach. In: From biomolecules to
chemofossils. Fundamentals in organic geochemistry, vol 2. Springer, New York, pp 15–25
96
4 Instrumental Analysis
specific way the carbon backbones. If more aromatic or more aliphatic moieties
are cleaved depends inter alia on the used agents.
Noteworthy, by breaking down the macromolecular structure not only the degradation products are formed, also entrapped or closely associated (non-extractable)
low molecular compounds become released (see Fig. 4.57). This accounts for natural
products including their diagenetic products (such as biomarker) but also for anthropogenic pollutants. Therefore, this approach is also used for determination of
so-called bound residues. As a final aspect, the different degradation procedures
can be applied sequentially with increasing strength in order to obtain a more
comprehensive view on the macromolecular composition (including bound or
entrapped substances).
References
Cammann K (2010) Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-8274-2739-7
Schwedt G (2007) Taschenatlas der Analytik. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-31729-5
Further Reading
Bound residues
Schwarzbauer J, Jovancicevic B (2018) Bound residues. In: Organic pollutants in the geosphere.
Fundamentals in organic geochemistry, vol 3. Springer, New York, pp 47–53
Geopolymers
Schwarzbauer J, Jovancicevic B (2016) Macromolecules. In: From biomolecules to chemofossils.
Fundamentals in organic geochemistry, vol 2. Springer, New York, pp 127–158
Biomarker
Schwarzbauer J, Jovancicevic B (2016) The biomarker approach. In: From biomolecules to
chemofossils. Fundamentals in organic geochemistry, vol 2. Springer, New York, pp 15–25
96
4 Instrumental Analysis