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E, Ravelet C (2018) Non-SELEX isolation of DNA aptamers for the homogeneous-phase
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org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.029
66. Teng IT, Li X, Yadikar HA, Yang Z, Li L, Lyu Y, Pan X, Wang KK, Tan W (2018) Identification
and characterization of DNA aptamers specific for phosphorylation epitopes of tau protein. J
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67. Kim JH, Kim E, Choi WH, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee H, Kim DE, Suh YH, Lee MJ (2016) Inhibitory
RNA aptamers of tau oligomerization and their neuroprotective roles against proteotoxic
stress. Mol Pharm 13(6):2039–2048. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00165
68. Du TT, Wang L, Duan CL, Lu LL, Zhang JL, Gao G, Qiu XB, Wang XM, Yang H (2015) GBA
deficiency promotes SNCA/alpha-synuclein accumulation through autophagic inhibition by
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1086055
69. Auluck PK, Caraveo G, Lindquist S (2010) alpha-Synuclein: membrane interactions and
toxicity in Parkinson’s disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 26:211–233. https://doi.org/10.1146/
annurev.cellbio.042308.113313
70. Zhao J, Yu S, Zheng Y, Yang H, Zhang J (2017) Oxidative modification and its implications
for the neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 54(2):1404–1418. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9743-3
71. Kamel F (2013) Epidemiology paths from pesticides to Parkinson’s. Science 341(6147):722–
723. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243619
72. Goedert M (2015) NEURODEGENERATION. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases: The
prion concept in relation to assembled Abeta, tau, and alpha-synuclein. Science 349
(6248):1255555. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255555
73. Armstrong MJ, Okun MS (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of parkinson disease: a review.
JAMA 323(6):548–560. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.22360
74. Deleersnijder A, Gerard M, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V (2013) The remarkable conformational
plasticity of alpha-synuclein: blessing or curse? Trends Mol Med 19(6):368–377. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.molmed.2013.04.002
75. Bernal-Conde LD, Ramos-Acevedo R, Reyes-Hernandez MA, Balbuena-Olvera AJ, MoralesMoreno ID, Arguero-Sanchez R, Schule B, Guerra-Crespo M (2019) Alpha-Synuclein physiology and pathology: a perspective on cellular structures and organelles. Front Neurosci
13:1399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01399
76. Weng CH, Huang CJ, Lee GB (2012) Screening of aptamers on microfluidic systems for
clinical applications. Sensors 12(7):9514–9529. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709514
77. Tsukakoshi K, Harada R, Sode K, Ikebukuro K (2010) Screening of DNA aptamer which
binds to alpha-synuclein. Biotech Lett 32(5):643–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-0100200-5
78. Sun K, Xia N, Zhao L, Liu K, Hou W, Liu L (2017) Aptasensors for the selective detection
of alpha-synuclein oligomer by colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy. Sens Actuators B Chem 245:87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.
2017.01.171
79. Zheng Y, Qu J, Xue F, Zheng Y, Yang B, Chang Y, Yang H, Zhang J (2018) Novel DNA
aptamers for Parkinson’s disease treatment inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation and facilitate its degradation. Mol Ther Nucl Acids 11:228–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2018.
02.011
80. Ren X, Zhao Y, Xue F, Zheng Y, Huang H, Wang W, Chang Y, Yang H, Zhang J (2019)
Exosomal DNA aptamer targeting alpha-synuclein aggregates reduced neuropathological
deficits in a mouse Parkinson’s disease model. Mol Ther Nucl Acids 17:726–740. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.008
J. Qu and J. Zhang
64. Tao D, Shui B, Gu Y, Cheng J, Zhang W, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Song S, Guo Z (2019) Development of a label-free electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of Tau381 and its preliminary
application in AD and Non-AD Patients’ Sera. Biosensors 9(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bio
s9030084
65. Lisi S, Fiore E, Scarano S, Pascale E, Boehman Y, Duconge F, Chierici S, Minunni M, Peyrin
E, Ravelet C (2018) Non-SELEX isolation of DNA aptamers for the homogeneous-phase
fluorescence anisotropy sensing of tau Proteins. Anal Chim Acta 1038:173–181. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.029
66. Teng IT, Li X, Yadikar HA, Yang Z, Li L, Lyu Y, Pan X, Wang KK, Tan W (2018) Identification
and characterization of DNA aptamers specific for phosphorylation epitopes of tau protein. J
Am Chem Soc 140(43):14314–14323. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b08645
67. Kim JH, Kim E, Choi WH, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee H, Kim DE, Suh YH, Lee MJ (2016) Inhibitory
RNA aptamers of tau oligomerization and their neuroprotective roles against proteotoxic
stress. Mol Pharm 13(6):2039–2048. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00165
68. Du TT, Wang L, Duan CL, Lu LL, Zhang JL, Gao G, Qiu XB, Wang XM, Yang H (2015) GBA
deficiency promotes SNCA/alpha-synuclein accumulation through autophagic inhibition by
inactivated PPP2A. Autophagy 11(10):1803–1820. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2015.
1086055
69. Auluck PK, Caraveo G, Lindquist S (2010) alpha-Synuclein: membrane interactions and
toxicity in Parkinson’s disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 26:211–233. https://doi.org/10.1146/
annurev.cellbio.042308.113313
70. Zhao J, Yu S, Zheng Y, Yang H, Zhang J (2017) Oxidative modification and its implications
for the neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 54(2):1404–1418. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9743-3
71. Kamel F (2013) Epidemiology paths from pesticides to Parkinson’s. Science 341(6147):722–
723. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243619
72. Goedert M (2015) NEURODEGENERATION. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases: The
prion concept in relation to assembled Abeta, tau, and alpha-synuclein. Science 349
(6248):1255555. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255555
73. Armstrong MJ, Okun MS (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of parkinson disease: a review.
JAMA 323(6):548–560. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.22360
74. Deleersnijder A, Gerard M, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V (2013) The remarkable conformational
plasticity of alpha-synuclein: blessing or curse? Trends Mol Med 19(6):368–377. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.molmed.2013.04.002
75. Bernal-Conde LD, Ramos-Acevedo R, Reyes-Hernandez MA, Balbuena-Olvera AJ, MoralesMoreno ID, Arguero-Sanchez R, Schule B, Guerra-Crespo M (2019) Alpha-Synuclein physiology and pathology: a perspective on cellular structures and organelles. Front Neurosci
13:1399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01399
76. Weng CH, Huang CJ, Lee GB (2012) Screening of aptamers on microfluidic systems for
clinical applications. Sensors 12(7):9514–9529. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709514
77. Tsukakoshi K, Harada R, Sode K, Ikebukuro K (2010) Screening of DNA aptamer which
binds to alpha-synuclein. Biotech Lett 32(5):643–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-0100200-5
78. Sun K, Xia N, Zhao L, Liu K, Hou W, Liu L (2017) Aptasensors for the selective detection
of alpha-synuclein oligomer by colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy. Sens Actuators B Chem 245:87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.
2017.01.171
79. Zheng Y, Qu J, Xue F, Zheng Y, Yang B, Chang Y, Yang H, Zhang J (2018) Novel DNA
aptamers for Parkinson’s disease treatment inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation and facilitate its degradation. Mol Ther Nucl Acids 11:228–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2018.
02.011
80. Ren X, Zhao Y, Xue F, Zheng Y, Huang H, Wang W, Chang Y, Yang H, Zhang J (2019)
Exosomal DNA aptamer targeting alpha-synuclein aggregates reduced neuropathological
deficits in a mouse Parkinson’s disease model. Mol Ther Nucl Acids 17:726–740. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.008