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107. Kitov PI, Bundle DR (2003) On the nature of the multivalency effect: a thermodynamic model.
J Am Chem Soc 125(52):16271–16284
108. Zhao L, Tang C, Xu L, Zhang Z, Li X, Hu H, Cheng S, Zhou W, Huang M, Fong A, Liu B,
Tseng H-R, Gao H, Liu Y, Fang X (2016) Enhanced and differential capture of circulating
tumor cells from lung cancer patients by microfluidic assays using aptamer cocktail. Small
12(8):1072–1081
109. Sharma S, Zhuang R, Long M, Pavlovic M, Kang Y, Ilyas A, Asghar W (2018) Circulating
tumor cell isolation, culture, and downstream molecular analysis. Biotechnol Adv 36(4):1063–
1078
110. Zheng Q, Iqbal SM, Wan Y (2013) Cell detachment: Post-isolation challenges. Biotechnol
Adv 31(8):1664–1675
111. Yu X, Wang B, Zhang N, Yin C, Chen H, Zhang L, Cai B, He Z, Rao L, Liu W, Wang F-B, Guo
S-S, Zhao X-Z (2015) Capture and release of cancer cells by combining on-chip purification
and off-chip enzymatic treatment. ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(43):24001–24007
112. Wu L, Xu X, Sharma B, Wang W, Qu X, Zhu L, Zhang H, Song Y, Yang C (2019) Beyond
capture: circulating tumor cell release and single-cell analysis. Small Meth 3(5):1800544
113. Chiu W-J, Ling T-K, Chiang H-P, Lin H-J, Huang C-C (2015) Monitoring cluster ions derived
from aptamer-modified gold nanofilms under laser desorption/ionization for the detection of
circulating tumor cells. ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(16):8622–8630
114. Labib M, Green B, Mohamadi RM, Mepham A, Ahmed SU, Mahmoudian L, Chang IH,
Sargent EH, Kelley SO (2016) Aptamer and antisense-mediated two-dimensional isolation of
specific cancer cell subpopulations. J Am Chem Soc 138(8):2476–2479
115. Reinholt SJ, Craighead HG (2018) Microfluidic device for aptamer-based cancer cell capture
and genetic mutation detection. Anal Chem 90(4):2601–2608
116. Green BJ, Kermanshah L, Labib M, Ahmed SU, Silva PN, Mahmoudian L, Chang IH,
Mohamadi RM, Rocheleau JV, Kelley SO (2017) Isolation of phenotypically distinct cancer
cells using nanoparticle-mediated sorting. ACS Appl Mater Inter 9(24):20435–20443
117. Poudineh M, Labib M, Ahmed S, Nguyen LM, Kermanshah L, Mohamadi RM, Sargent EH,
Kelley SO (2017) Profiling functional and biochemical phenotypes of circulating tumor cells
using a two-dimensional sorting device. Angew Chem Int Ed 56(1):163–168
118. Chakravarty R, Goel S, Cai W (2014) Nanobody: the “magic bullet” for molecular imaging?
Theranostics 4(4):386–398
119. Que-Gewirth NS, Sullenger BA (2007) Gene therapy progress and prospects: RNA aptamers.
Gene Ther 14(4):283–291
120. Gomes de Castro MA, Hobartner C, Opazo F (2017) Aptamers provide superior stainings of
cellular receptors studied under super-resolution microscopy. PLoS ONE 12(2):e0173050
121. Melancon MP, Zhou M, Zhang R, Xiong C, Allen P, Wen X, Huang Q, Wallace M, Myers JN,
Stafford RJ, Liang D, Ellington AD, Li C (2014) Selective uptake and imaging of aptamerand antibody-conjugated hollow nanospheres targeted to epidermal growth factor receptors
overexpressed in head and neck cancer. ACS Nano 8(5):4530–4538
122. Yoon S, Rossi JJ (2017) Emerging cancer-specific therapeutic aptamers. Curr Opin Oncol
29(5):366–374
123. Imam A (1985) Application of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of malignant
disease. Cancer Invest 3(4):339–359
124. Bukari BA, Citartan M, Ch’ng ES, Bilibana MP, Rozhdestvensky T, Tang T-H (2017) Aptahistochemistry in diagnostic pathology: technical scrutiny and feasibility. Histochem Cell Biol
147 (5):545-553
125. Yoon S, Huang KW, Reebye V, Mintz P, Tien YW, Lai HS, Saetrom P, Reccia I, Swiderski P,
Armstrong B, Jozwiak A, Spalding D, Jiao L, Habib N, Rossi JJ (2016) Targeted delivery of
C/EBPalpha -saRNA by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-specific RNA aptamers inhibits
tumor growth in vivo. Mol Ther 24(6):1106–1116
126. Duan M, Long Y, Yang C, Wu X, Sun Y, Li J, Hu X, Lin W, Han D, Zhao Y, Liu J, Ye M,
Tan W (2016) Selection and characterization of DNA aptamer for metastatic prostate cancer
recognition and tissue imaging. Oncotarget 7(24):36436–36446
Q. Lv et al.
107. Kitov PI, Bundle DR (2003) On the nature of the multivalency effect: a thermodynamic model.
J Am Chem Soc 125(52):16271–16284
108. Zhao L, Tang C, Xu L, Zhang Z, Li X, Hu H, Cheng S, Zhou W, Huang M, Fong A, Liu B,
Tseng H-R, Gao H, Liu Y, Fang X (2016) Enhanced and differential capture of circulating
tumor cells from lung cancer patients by microfluidic assays using aptamer cocktail. Small
12(8):1072–1081
109. Sharma S, Zhuang R, Long M, Pavlovic M, Kang Y, Ilyas A, Asghar W (2018) Circulating
tumor cell isolation, culture, and downstream molecular analysis. Biotechnol Adv 36(4):1063–
1078
110. Zheng Q, Iqbal SM, Wan Y (2013) Cell detachment: Post-isolation challenges. Biotechnol
Adv 31(8):1664–1675
111. Yu X, Wang B, Zhang N, Yin C, Chen H, Zhang L, Cai B, He Z, Rao L, Liu W, Wang F-B, Guo
S-S, Zhao X-Z (2015) Capture and release of cancer cells by combining on-chip purification
and off-chip enzymatic treatment. ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(43):24001–24007
112. Wu L, Xu X, Sharma B, Wang W, Qu X, Zhu L, Zhang H, Song Y, Yang C (2019) Beyond
capture: circulating tumor cell release and single-cell analysis. Small Meth 3(5):1800544
113. Chiu W-J, Ling T-K, Chiang H-P, Lin H-J, Huang C-C (2015) Monitoring cluster ions derived
from aptamer-modified gold nanofilms under laser desorption/ionization for the detection of
circulating tumor cells. ACS Appl Mater Inter 7(16):8622–8630
114. Labib M, Green B, Mohamadi RM, Mepham A, Ahmed SU, Mahmoudian L, Chang IH,
Sargent EH, Kelley SO (2016) Aptamer and antisense-mediated two-dimensional isolation of
specific cancer cell subpopulations. J Am Chem Soc 138(8):2476–2479
115. Reinholt SJ, Craighead HG (2018) Microfluidic device for aptamer-based cancer cell capture
and genetic mutation detection. Anal Chem 90(4):2601–2608
116. Green BJ, Kermanshah L, Labib M, Ahmed SU, Silva PN, Mahmoudian L, Chang IH,
Mohamadi RM, Rocheleau JV, Kelley SO (2017) Isolation of phenotypically distinct cancer
cells using nanoparticle-mediated sorting. ACS Appl Mater Inter 9(24):20435–20443
117. Poudineh M, Labib M, Ahmed S, Nguyen LM, Kermanshah L, Mohamadi RM, Sargent EH,
Kelley SO (2017) Profiling functional and biochemical phenotypes of circulating tumor cells
using a two-dimensional sorting device. Angew Chem Int Ed 56(1):163–168
118. Chakravarty R, Goel S, Cai W (2014) Nanobody: the “magic bullet” for molecular imaging?
Theranostics 4(4):386–398
119. Que-Gewirth NS, Sullenger BA (2007) Gene therapy progress and prospects: RNA aptamers.
Gene Ther 14(4):283–291
120. Gomes de Castro MA, Hobartner C, Opazo F (2017) Aptamers provide superior stainings of
cellular receptors studied under super-resolution microscopy. PLoS ONE 12(2):e0173050
121. Melancon MP, Zhou M, Zhang R, Xiong C, Allen P, Wen X, Huang Q, Wallace M, Myers JN,
Stafford RJ, Liang D, Ellington AD, Li C (2014) Selective uptake and imaging of aptamerand antibody-conjugated hollow nanospheres targeted to epidermal growth factor receptors
overexpressed in head and neck cancer. ACS Nano 8(5):4530–4538
122. Yoon S, Rossi JJ (2017) Emerging cancer-specific therapeutic aptamers. Curr Opin Oncol
29(5):366–374
123. Imam A (1985) Application of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of malignant
disease. Cancer Invest 3(4):339–359
124. Bukari BA, Citartan M, Ch’ng ES, Bilibana MP, Rozhdestvensky T, Tang T-H (2017) Aptahistochemistry in diagnostic pathology: technical scrutiny and feasibility. Histochem Cell Biol
147 (5):545-553
125. Yoon S, Huang KW, Reebye V, Mintz P, Tien YW, Lai HS, Saetrom P, Reccia I, Swiderski P,
Armstrong B, Jozwiak A, Spalding D, Jiao L, Habib N, Rossi JJ (2016) Targeted delivery of
C/EBPalpha -saRNA by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-specific RNA aptamers inhibits
tumor growth in vivo. Mol Ther 24(6):1106–1116
126. Duan M, Long Y, Yang C, Wu X, Sun Y, Li J, Hu X, Lin W, Han D, Zhao Y, Liu J, Ye M,
Tan W (2016) Selection and characterization of DNA aptamer for metastatic prostate cancer
recognition and tissue imaging. Oncotarget 7(24):36436–36446