8 Aptamers for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
229
Table 8.6 A summary of aptamer-based assays for the diagnosis of malaria
Assay
Target
Type of
aptamer
Dynamic range Limit of detection References
Electrochemical
assay
Pf LDH
DNA
0.01 pM-10 nM 0.84 pM
[83]
PvLDH
Pf LDH
DNA
–
108.5 fM
(PvLDH)
120.1 fM
(Pf LDH)
[89]
Pf LDH
DNA
–
0.5 fM
[94]
Fluorometrical
assay
PfLDH
DNA
0.20 nM
[84]
Pf LDH
DNA
0–62.5 nM
–
[87]
Calorimetric
assay
PfLDH
DNA
0–100 pM
(PDDA)
0–100 pM
(PAH)
10.3 pM(PDDA)
12.5 pM(PAH)
[90]
Pf LDH
PvLDH
DNA
–
–
[91]
Pf LDH
DNA
–
4.9 ng/mL
[92]
aptaFET assay
Pf LDH
DNA
100 fM −10 nM 6.7 pM(spiked
buffer)
48.6 pM
(serusamples)
[88]
Microfluidical
assay
Pf LDH
DNA
–
–
[85]
Pf LDH
DNA
–
–
[95]
Pf LDH
DNA
–
–
[86]
P. falciparum DNA/
RNA
–
–
[96]
Non-invasive
technique
In vivo
Pf LDH
DNA
–
–
[97]
phage-display
In vivo
glycoprotein DNA/
RNA
–
–
[98]
8.5 Other Typical Infectious Diseases
Besides of the typical infectious diseases that have been diagnosed with aptamerbased assays, plenty of infectious diseases like Avian influenza, measles, dengue
fever, scarlet fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever and leprosy also pose a great threat
to human health. Measles is a RNA virus infectious disease, which begins with fever,
cough, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, followed by a characteristic rash [104]. Scarlet fever
is infected by group A Streptococcal (GAS) bacterial. The typical presentations are
high fevers, erythematous sore throat, strawberry-like tongue and sand-paper like rash
[105]. Further effort to obtain aptamers against biomarkers or pathogens associated
with these infectious diseases will contribute to new tools for their diagnosis and
effective control.