7 Label-Free Pump–Probe Nanoscopy
191
48. E. Hendry, P.J. Hale, J. Moger, A.K. Savchenko, S.A. Mikhailov, Coherent nonlinear optical
response of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 1–4 (2010)
49. J.M. Dawlaty, S. Shivaraman, M. Chandrashekhar, F. Rana, M.G. Spencer, Measurement of
ultrafast carrier dynamics in epitaxial graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), (2008)
50. M. Breusing, S. Kuehn, T. Winzer, E. Mali´ c, F. Milde, N. Severin, J.P. Rabe, C. Ropers, A.
Knorr, T. Elsaesser, Ultrafast nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in a single graphene layer.
Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 83(15), 1–4 (2011)
51. J. Li, W. Zhang, T. Chung, M.N. Slipchenko, Y.P. Chen, J.-X. Cheng, C. Yang, Highly sensitive
transient absorption imaging of graphene and graphene oxide in living cells and circulating
blood. Sci. Rep. 5(February), 12394 (2015)
52. H. Patel, R.W. Havener, L. Brown, Y. Liang, L. Yang, J. Park, M.W. Graham, Tunable optical excitations in twisted bilayer graphene form strongly bound excitons. Nano Lett. 15(9),
5932–5937 (2015)
53. K.-C.C. Huang, J. McCall, P. Wang, C.-S.S. Liao, G. Eakins, J.-X.X. Cheng, C. Yang, Highspeed spectroscopic transient absorption imaging of defects in graphene. Nano Lett. 18(2),
1489–1497 (2018)
54. P. Bianchini, K. Korobchevskaya, G. Zanini, A. Diaspro, Pump-probe nanoscopy by means of
transient absorption saturation, in 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical
Networks (ICTON) (IEEE, 2018), pp. 1–4
55. R.W. Newson, J. Dean, B. Schmidt, H.M. van Driel, Ultrafast carrier kinetics in exfoliated
graphene and thin graphite films. Opt. Express 17(4), 2326 (2009)
56. P.J. Hale, S.M. Hornett, J. Moger, D.W. Horsell, E. Hendry, Hot phonon decay in supported
and suspended exfoliated graphene. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 83(12), 4–7
(2011)
57. D. Brida, A. Tomadin, C. Manzoni, Y.J. Kim, A. Lombardo, S. Milana, R.R. Nair, K.S.
Novoselov, A.C. Ferrari, G. Cerullo, M. Polini, Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene. Nat. Commun. 4(May), 1–9 (1AD)
58. S. Kumar, M. Anija, N. Kamaraju, K.S. Vasu, K.S. Subrahmanyam, A.K. Sood, C.N.R. Rao,
Femtosecond carrier dynamics and saturable absorption in graphene suspensions. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 95(19), 2007–2010 (2009)
59. J. Shang, L. Ma, J. Li, W. Ai, T. Yu, G.G. Gurzadyan, Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy
of graphene oxide in water. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 47(9) (2014)
60. L. Huang, G.V. Hartland, L.Q. Chu, Luxmi, R.M. Feenstra, C. Lian, K. Tahy, H. Xing, Ultrafast
transient absorption microscopy studies of carrier dynamics in epitaxial graphene. Nano Lett.
10(4), 1308–1313 (2010)
61. B. Gao, G. Hartland, T. Fang, M. Kelly, D. Jena, H. Xing, L. Huang, Studies of intrinsic
hot phonon dynamics in suspended graphene by transient absorption microscopy. Nano Lett.
11(8), 3184–3189 (2011)
62. G. Grancini, N. Martino, M. Bianchi, L.G. Rizzi, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C.S. Casari, A.
Petrozza, R. Sordan, G. Lanzani, Ultrafast spectroscopic imaging of exfoliated graphene.
Phys. Status Solidi Basic Res. 249(12), 2497–2499 (2012)
63. Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Z. Ni, Y. Wang, L. Polavarapu, Z. Shen, Q.H. Xu, D. Tang, K.P. Loh,
Monolayer graphene as a saturable absorber in a mode-locked laser. Nano Res. 4(3), 297–307
(2011)
64. V.I. Klimov, Spectral and dynamical properties of multiexcitons in semiconductor nanocrystals. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 58(1), 635–673 (2007)
65. F.T. Vasko, Saturation of interband absorption in graphene. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter
Mater. Phys. 82(24), 1–6 (2010)
66. W. Min, S. Lu, S. Chong, R. Roy, G.R. Holtom, X.S. Xie, X. Sunney Xie, Imaging
chromophores with undetectable fluorescence by stimulated emission microscopy. Nature
461(7267), 1105–1109 (2009)
67. P.-Y. Lin, S.-S. Lee, C.-S. Chang, F.-J. Kao, Long working distance fluorescence lifetime
imaging with stimulated emission and electronic time delay. Opt. Express 20(10), 11445
(2012)
191
48. E. Hendry, P.J. Hale, J. Moger, A.K. Savchenko, S.A. Mikhailov, Coherent nonlinear optical
response of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(9), 1–4 (2010)
49. J.M. Dawlaty, S. Shivaraman, M. Chandrashekhar, F. Rana, M.G. Spencer, Measurement of
ultrafast carrier dynamics in epitaxial graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), (2008)
50. M. Breusing, S. Kuehn, T. Winzer, E. Mali´ c, F. Milde, N. Severin, J.P. Rabe, C. Ropers, A.
Knorr, T. Elsaesser, Ultrafast nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in a single graphene layer.
Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 83(15), 1–4 (2011)
51. J. Li, W. Zhang, T. Chung, M.N. Slipchenko, Y.P. Chen, J.-X. Cheng, C. Yang, Highly sensitive
transient absorption imaging of graphene and graphene oxide in living cells and circulating
blood. Sci. Rep. 5(February), 12394 (2015)
52. H. Patel, R.W. Havener, L. Brown, Y. Liang, L. Yang, J. Park, M.W. Graham, Tunable optical excitations in twisted bilayer graphene form strongly bound excitons. Nano Lett. 15(9),
5932–5937 (2015)
53. K.-C.C. Huang, J. McCall, P. Wang, C.-S.S. Liao, G. Eakins, J.-X.X. Cheng, C. Yang, Highspeed spectroscopic transient absorption imaging of defects in graphene. Nano Lett. 18(2),
1489–1497 (2018)
54. P. Bianchini, K. Korobchevskaya, G. Zanini, A. Diaspro, Pump-probe nanoscopy by means of
transient absorption saturation, in 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical
Networks (ICTON) (IEEE, 2018), pp. 1–4
55. R.W. Newson, J. Dean, B. Schmidt, H.M. van Driel, Ultrafast carrier kinetics in exfoliated
graphene and thin graphite films. Opt. Express 17(4), 2326 (2009)
56. P.J. Hale, S.M. Hornett, J. Moger, D.W. Horsell, E. Hendry, Hot phonon decay in supported
and suspended exfoliated graphene. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 83(12), 4–7
(2011)
57. D. Brida, A. Tomadin, C. Manzoni, Y.J. Kim, A. Lombardo, S. Milana, R.R. Nair, K.S.
Novoselov, A.C. Ferrari, G. Cerullo, M. Polini, Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene. Nat. Commun. 4(May), 1–9 (1AD)
58. S. Kumar, M. Anija, N. Kamaraju, K.S. Vasu, K.S. Subrahmanyam, A.K. Sood, C.N.R. Rao,
Femtosecond carrier dynamics and saturable absorption in graphene suspensions. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 95(19), 2007–2010 (2009)
59. J. Shang, L. Ma, J. Li, W. Ai, T. Yu, G.G. Gurzadyan, Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy
of graphene oxide in water. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 47(9) (2014)
60. L. Huang, G.V. Hartland, L.Q. Chu, Luxmi, R.M. Feenstra, C. Lian, K. Tahy, H. Xing, Ultrafast
transient absorption microscopy studies of carrier dynamics in epitaxial graphene. Nano Lett.
10(4), 1308–1313 (2010)
61. B. Gao, G. Hartland, T. Fang, M. Kelly, D. Jena, H. Xing, L. Huang, Studies of intrinsic
hot phonon dynamics in suspended graphene by transient absorption microscopy. Nano Lett.
11(8), 3184–3189 (2011)
62. G. Grancini, N. Martino, M. Bianchi, L.G. Rizzi, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C.S. Casari, A.
Petrozza, R. Sordan, G. Lanzani, Ultrafast spectroscopic imaging of exfoliated graphene.
Phys. Status Solidi Basic Res. 249(12), 2497–2499 (2012)
63. Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Z. Ni, Y. Wang, L. Polavarapu, Z. Shen, Q.H. Xu, D. Tang, K.P. Loh,
Monolayer graphene as a saturable absorber in a mode-locked laser. Nano Res. 4(3), 297–307
(2011)
64. V.I. Klimov, Spectral and dynamical properties of multiexcitons in semiconductor nanocrystals. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 58(1), 635–673 (2007)
65. F.T. Vasko, Saturation of interband absorption in graphene. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter
Mater. Phys. 82(24), 1–6 (2010)
66. W. Min, S. Lu, S. Chong, R. Roy, G.R. Holtom, X.S. Xie, X. Sunney Xie, Imaging
chromophores with undetectable fluorescence by stimulated emission microscopy. Nature
461(7267), 1105–1109 (2009)
67. P.-Y. Lin, S.-S. Lee, C.-S. Chang, F.-J. Kao, Long working distance fluorescence lifetime
imaging with stimulated emission and electronic time delay. Opt. Express 20(10), 11445
(2012)