5 Modelling of the Brain for Injury Simulation and Prevention
129
15. Faul, M., Xu, L., Wald, M.M., Coronado, V.G.: Traumatic brain injury in the United States:
Emergency department visits, hospitalizations and deaths 2002–2006. https://www.cdc.gov/
traumaticbraininjury/ (2010)
16. Franklyn, M., Fildes, B., Zhang, L., Yang, K., Sparke, L.: Analysis of finite element models
for head injury investigation: reconstruction of four real-world impacts. 49th Stapp Car Crash
Conference. Washington, DC, STAPP (2005)
17. Gehre, C., Gades, H., Wernicke, P.: Objective rating of signals using test and simulation
responses. Paper presented at: 21st ESV Conference, June 15–18, 2009, Stuttgart (2009)
18. Gennarelli, T.A., Thibault, L.E.: Biomechanics of acute subdural hematoma. J. Trauma. 22(8),
680–686 (1982)
19. Gennarelli, T.A., Adams, J.H., Graham, D.I.: Acceleration induced head injury in the monkey.
I. The model, its mechanical and physiological correlates. Acta Neuropathol. Suppl. 7, 23–25
(1981)
20. Gennarelli, T.A., Thibault, L.E., Adams, J.H., Graham, D.I., Thompson, C.J., Marcincin, R.P.:
Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Ann. Neurol. 12(6), 564–574 (1982)
21. Giordano, C., Cloots, R.J.H., van Dommelen, J.A.W., Kleiven, S.: The influence of anisotropy
on brain injury prediction. J. Biomech. 47, 1052–1059 (2014)
22. Giordano, C., Kleiven, S.: Evaluation of axonal strain as a predictor for mild traumatic brain
injuries using finite element modeling. Stapp Car Crash J. 58, 14S–16S (2014)
23. Giordano, C., Kleiven, S.: Development of an unbiased validation protocol to assess the
biofidelity of finite element head models used in prediction of traumatic brain injury. Stapp
Car Crash J. 60, 363–471 (2016)
24. Giza, C.C., Hovda, D.A.: The neurometabolic cascade of concussion. J. Athl. Train. 36(3),
228–235 (2001)
25. Gurdjian, E.S., Lissner, H.R.: Deformations of the skull in head injury studied by the
stresscoat technique, quantitative determinations. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 83, 219–233 (1946)
26. Gurdjian, E.S., Webster, J.E.: Head Injuries, pp. 62–76. Little Brown, Boston (1958)
27. Gurdjian, E.S., Lissner, H.R., Hodgson, V.R., Patrick, L.M.: Mechanism of head injury. Clin.
Neurosurg. 12, 112–128 (1964)
28. Gurdjian, E.S., Lissner, H.R., Latimer, F.R., Haddad, B.F., Webster, J.E.: Quantitative determination of acceleration and intracranial pressure in experimental head injury; preliminary
report. Neurology. 3(6), 417–423 (1953)
29. Haines, D.E., Harkey, H.L., Al-Mefty, O.: The “subdural” space: a new look at an outdated
concept. Neurosurgery. 32(1), 111–120 (1993)
30. Hardy, W.N., Foster, C.D., Mason, M.J., Yang, K.H., King, A.I., Tashman, S.: Investigation
of head injury mechanisms using neutral density technology and high-speed biplanar X-ray.
Stapp Car Crash J. 45, 337–368 (2001)
31. Hardy, W.N., Mason, M.J., Foster, C.D., Shah, C.S., Kopacz, J.M., Yang, K.H., King, A.I.,
Bishop, J., Bey, M., Anderst, W., Tashman, S.: A study of the response of the human cadaver
head to impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 51, 17–80 (2007)
32. Harrison, E.A.: The first concussion crisis: head injury and evidence in early American
football. Am. J. Public Health. 104(5), 822–833 (2014)
33. Ho, J., Kleiven, S.: Dynamic response of the brain with vasculature: a three-dimensional
computational study. J. Biomech. 40(13), 3006–3012 (2007)
34. Ho, J., Kleiven, S.: Can sulci protect the brain from traumatic injury? J. Biomech. 42, 2074–
2080 (2009)
35. Holbourn, A.H.S.: Mechanics of head injury. Lancet. 2, 438–441 (1943)
36. Hughes, T.J.R.: The Finite Element Method – Linear Static and Dynamic Finite Element
Analysis, Chapter 4. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1987). ISBN 0-13-317025-X
37. Hulkower, M.B., Poliak, D.B., Rosenbaum, S.B., Zimmerman, M.E., Lipton, M.L.: A decade
of DTI in traumatic brain injury: 10 years and 100 articles later. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol.
34(11), 2064–2074 (2013)
38. Igarashi, T., Potts, M.B., Noble-Haeusslein, L.J.: Injury severity determines Purkinje cell
loss and microglial activation in the cerebellum after cortical contusion injury. Exp. Neurol.
203(1), 258–268 (2007)
129
15. Faul, M., Xu, L., Wald, M.M., Coronado, V.G.: Traumatic brain injury in the United States:
Emergency department visits, hospitalizations and deaths 2002–2006. https://www.cdc.gov/
traumaticbraininjury/ (2010)
16. Franklyn, M., Fildes, B., Zhang, L., Yang, K., Sparke, L.: Analysis of finite element models
for head injury investigation: reconstruction of four real-world impacts. 49th Stapp Car Crash
Conference. Washington, DC, STAPP (2005)
17. Gehre, C., Gades, H., Wernicke, P.: Objective rating of signals using test and simulation
responses. Paper presented at: 21st ESV Conference, June 15–18, 2009, Stuttgart (2009)
18. Gennarelli, T.A., Thibault, L.E.: Biomechanics of acute subdural hematoma. J. Trauma. 22(8),
680–686 (1982)
19. Gennarelli, T.A., Adams, J.H., Graham, D.I.: Acceleration induced head injury in the monkey.
I. The model, its mechanical and physiological correlates. Acta Neuropathol. Suppl. 7, 23–25
(1981)
20. Gennarelli, T.A., Thibault, L.E., Adams, J.H., Graham, D.I., Thompson, C.J., Marcincin, R.P.:
Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Ann. Neurol. 12(6), 564–574 (1982)
21. Giordano, C., Cloots, R.J.H., van Dommelen, J.A.W., Kleiven, S.: The influence of anisotropy
on brain injury prediction. J. Biomech. 47, 1052–1059 (2014)
22. Giordano, C., Kleiven, S.: Evaluation of axonal strain as a predictor for mild traumatic brain
injuries using finite element modeling. Stapp Car Crash J. 58, 14S–16S (2014)
23. Giordano, C., Kleiven, S.: Development of an unbiased validation protocol to assess the
biofidelity of finite element head models used in prediction of traumatic brain injury. Stapp
Car Crash J. 60, 363–471 (2016)
24. Giza, C.C., Hovda, D.A.: The neurometabolic cascade of concussion. J. Athl. Train. 36(3),
228–235 (2001)
25. Gurdjian, E.S., Lissner, H.R.: Deformations of the skull in head injury studied by the
stresscoat technique, quantitative determinations. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 83, 219–233 (1946)
26. Gurdjian, E.S., Webster, J.E.: Head Injuries, pp. 62–76. Little Brown, Boston (1958)
27. Gurdjian, E.S., Lissner, H.R., Hodgson, V.R., Patrick, L.M.: Mechanism of head injury. Clin.
Neurosurg. 12, 112–128 (1964)
28. Gurdjian, E.S., Lissner, H.R., Latimer, F.R., Haddad, B.F., Webster, J.E.: Quantitative determination of acceleration and intracranial pressure in experimental head injury; preliminary
report. Neurology. 3(6), 417–423 (1953)
29. Haines, D.E., Harkey, H.L., Al-Mefty, O.: The “subdural” space: a new look at an outdated
concept. Neurosurgery. 32(1), 111–120 (1993)
30. Hardy, W.N., Foster, C.D., Mason, M.J., Yang, K.H., King, A.I., Tashman, S.: Investigation
of head injury mechanisms using neutral density technology and high-speed biplanar X-ray.
Stapp Car Crash J. 45, 337–368 (2001)
31. Hardy, W.N., Mason, M.J., Foster, C.D., Shah, C.S., Kopacz, J.M., Yang, K.H., King, A.I.,
Bishop, J., Bey, M., Anderst, W., Tashman, S.: A study of the response of the human cadaver
head to impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 51, 17–80 (2007)
32. Harrison, E.A.: The first concussion crisis: head injury and evidence in early American
football. Am. J. Public Health. 104(5), 822–833 (2014)
33. Ho, J., Kleiven, S.: Dynamic response of the brain with vasculature: a three-dimensional
computational study. J. Biomech. 40(13), 3006–3012 (2007)
34. Ho, J., Kleiven, S.: Can sulci protect the brain from traumatic injury? J. Biomech. 42, 2074–
2080 (2009)
35. Holbourn, A.H.S.: Mechanics of head injury. Lancet. 2, 438–441 (1943)
36. Hughes, T.J.R.: The Finite Element Method – Linear Static and Dynamic Finite Element
Analysis, Chapter 4. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1987). ISBN 0-13-317025-X
37. Hulkower, M.B., Poliak, D.B., Rosenbaum, S.B., Zimmerman, M.E., Lipton, M.L.: A decade
of DTI in traumatic brain injury: 10 years and 100 articles later. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol.
34(11), 2064–2074 (2013)
38. Igarashi, T., Potts, M.B., Noble-Haeusslein, L.J.: Injury severity determines Purkinje cell
loss and microglial activation in the cerebellum after cortical contusion injury. Exp. Neurol.
203(1), 258–268 (2007)