128
K. H. Yang and H. Mao
strongly encouraged to develop, share, and use high-quality models while generating fundamental knowledges, such as more accurate material properties, kinematic
data for model validations, and 3D injury maps towards better understanding the
mechanisms of TBI. A low-mesh-quality FE head model could easily jeopardise
the effort in collecting accurate head kinematics and brain damage data and would
provide misleading interpretations based on the wrongful brain stresses and strains.
Acknowledgement Dr. Haojie Mao acknowledges the financial support provided by the Canada
Research Chairs program.
References
1. Alexander, A.L., Lee, J.E., Lazar, M., Field, A.S.: Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain.
Neurotherapeutics. 4(3), 316–329 (2007)
2. Allsop, D.L., Warner, C.Y., Wille, M.G., Scheider, D.C., Nahum, A.M.: Year Facial impact
response – A comparison of the Hybrid III dummy and human cadaver. In: Proc. 32nd Stapp
Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 881719 (1988)
3. Arfanakis, K., Haughton, V.M., Carew, J.D., Rogers, B.P., Dempsey, R.J., Meyerand, M.E.:
Diffusion tensor MR imaging in diffuse axonal injury. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23(5), 794–
802 (2002)
4. Army Research Laboratory, https://www.arl.army.mil/www/default.cfm?article=2965 2018
5. American Academy of Neurology, https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/
1241 (2014)
6. Atsumi, N., Nakahira, Y., Tanaka, E., Iwamoto, M.: Human brain modeling with its anatomical structure and realistic material properties for brain injury prediction. Ann. Biomed. Eng.
46, 736–748 (2018)
7. Bandak, F.A., Eppinger, R.H.: A three-dimensional fi nite element analysis of the human brain
under combined rotational and translational accelerations. Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car
Crash Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. SAE, Warrendale (1994)
8. Bain, A.C., Meaney, D.F.: Tissue-level thresholds for axonal damage in an experimental
model of central nervous system white matter injury. J. Biomech. Eng. 122, 615–622 (2000)
9. Clark, J.M., Hoshizaki, B., Gilchrist, M.D.: Protective capacity of an ice hockey goaltender
helmet for three events associated with concussion. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed.
Engin. 20(12), 1299–1311 (2017)
10. Cloots, R.J., Gervaise, H.M., van Dommelen, J.A., Geers, M.G.: Biomechanics of traumatic
brain injury: influences of the morphologic heterogeneities of the cerebral cortex. Ann.
Biomed. Eng. 36(7), 1203–1215 (2008)
11. Elkin, B.S., Azeloglu, E.U., Costa, K.D., Morrison 3rd, B.: Mechanical heterogeneity of the
rat hippocampus measured by atomic force microscope indentation. J. Neurotrauma. 24(5),
812–822 (2007)
12. Elkin, B.S., Gabler, L.F., Panzer, M.B., Siegmund, G.P.: Brain tissue strains vary with head
impact location: a possible explanation for increased concussion risk in struck versus striking
football players. Clin. Biomech. (2018)
13. Fahlstedt, M., Halldin, P., Kleiven, S.: The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle
accidents – a finite element study. Accid. Anal. Prev. 91, 133–143 (2016)
14. Franceschini, G., Bigoni, D., Regitnig, P., Holzapfel, G.A.: Brain tissue deforms similarly to
filled elastomers and follows consolidation theory. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 54(12), 2592–2620
(2006)
K. H. Yang and H. Mao
strongly encouraged to develop, share, and use high-quality models while generating fundamental knowledges, such as more accurate material properties, kinematic
data for model validations, and 3D injury maps towards better understanding the
mechanisms of TBI. A low-mesh-quality FE head model could easily jeopardise
the effort in collecting accurate head kinematics and brain damage data and would
provide misleading interpretations based on the wrongful brain stresses and strains.
Acknowledgement Dr. Haojie Mao acknowledges the financial support provided by the Canada
Research Chairs program.
References
1. Alexander, A.L., Lee, J.E., Lazar, M., Field, A.S.: Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain.
Neurotherapeutics. 4(3), 316–329 (2007)
2. Allsop, D.L., Warner, C.Y., Wille, M.G., Scheider, D.C., Nahum, A.M.: Year Facial impact
response – A comparison of the Hybrid III dummy and human cadaver. In: Proc. 32nd Stapp
Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 881719 (1988)
3. Arfanakis, K., Haughton, V.M., Carew, J.D., Rogers, B.P., Dempsey, R.J., Meyerand, M.E.:
Diffusion tensor MR imaging in diffuse axonal injury. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23(5), 794–
802 (2002)
4. Army Research Laboratory, https://www.arl.army.mil/www/default.cfm?article=2965 2018
5. American Academy of Neurology, https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/
1241 (2014)
6. Atsumi, N., Nakahira, Y., Tanaka, E., Iwamoto, M.: Human brain modeling with its anatomical structure and realistic material properties for brain injury prediction. Ann. Biomed. Eng.
46, 736–748 (2018)
7. Bandak, F.A., Eppinger, R.H.: A three-dimensional fi nite element analysis of the human brain
under combined rotational and translational accelerations. Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car
Crash Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. SAE, Warrendale (1994)
8. Bain, A.C., Meaney, D.F.: Tissue-level thresholds for axonal damage in an experimental
model of central nervous system white matter injury. J. Biomech. Eng. 122, 615–622 (2000)
9. Clark, J.M., Hoshizaki, B., Gilchrist, M.D.: Protective capacity of an ice hockey goaltender
helmet for three events associated with concussion. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed.
Engin. 20(12), 1299–1311 (2017)
10. Cloots, R.J., Gervaise, H.M., van Dommelen, J.A., Geers, M.G.: Biomechanics of traumatic
brain injury: influences of the morphologic heterogeneities of the cerebral cortex. Ann.
Biomed. Eng. 36(7), 1203–1215 (2008)
11. Elkin, B.S., Azeloglu, E.U., Costa, K.D., Morrison 3rd, B.: Mechanical heterogeneity of the
rat hippocampus measured by atomic force microscope indentation. J. Neurotrauma. 24(5),
812–822 (2007)
12. Elkin, B.S., Gabler, L.F., Panzer, M.B., Siegmund, G.P.: Brain tissue strains vary with head
impact location: a possible explanation for increased concussion risk in struck versus striking
football players. Clin. Biomech. (2018)
13. Fahlstedt, M., Halldin, P., Kleiven, S.: The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle
accidents – a finite element study. Accid. Anal. Prev. 91, 133–143 (2016)
14. Franceschini, G., Bigoni, D., Regitnig, P., Holzapfel, G.A.: Brain tissue deforms similarly to
filled elastomers and follows consolidation theory. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 54(12), 2592–2620
(2006)