22
correct disassembly planning involves access to information on the parts material
composition. The depth of disassembly must take into consideration the profitability of the entire process (Lambert 2002; Liu et al. 2009). This criterion is not only
related to the profitability associated with the sale of the recycled materials, but it
also includes potential benefits of a reduction or elimination of harmful effects on
the environment (Lambert 2003). Planning the disassembly process should include
five basic steps shown in Fig. 2.2.
Preliminary inspection of waste products begins before the main dismantling
sequence. Its purpose is to specify a product material inventory and joints of the
assemblies. To find the optimal disassembly path, consider the following issues
(Li et al. 2006):
• A potential value of components to be dismantled
• Identification of components
• Choosing a disassembly strategy
When identifying components, some of them can be dismantled as a whole, if the
entire subassembly has more value on the secondary market and can be sold to
another plant. It is crucial in planning a dismantling sequence of the end-of-life
product. For example, when the ultimate purpose of disassembly is the recovery of
homogeneous materials, collecting all components made of steel, plastic, or glass
prevents unnecessary dismantling steps (Lee et al. 2001). The choice of dismantling
strategy depends on the economic analysis of the process. The aim is to compare the
profitability rate of materials and parts recovery in relation to alternative solutions.
The following issues can be taken into consideration to generate the disassembly
sequence (Hsin-Hao (Tom) Huang et al. 2000; Bogaert et al. 2008; Duta et al. 2008;
Kuo 2010; Nowakowski 2018):
• Fulfilling the recommendations of waste electrical and electronic equipment
directives or regulations specific to an individual country; the purpose is to
remove elements that are hazardous to the environment, such as batteries, printed
circuit boards, liquid crystal displays, refrigerants, electrolytic capacitors, etc.
• Manual disassembly for separating the main components to achieve maximum
profit with a short disassembly time; targeting mainly on ferrous, nonferrous, and
precious metals, e.g., gold in processors, mainboards, gold-plated contacts, etc.
• Adapted to the existing installation in a large disassembling and recycling plant
with automated shredding, separating, and sorting of materials.
• Using modern identification methods such as barcodes, two-dimensional codes,
or radio-frequency identification technology, with the possibility of automating
various stages of disassembly.
Preliminary
inspection of
a waste product
Identification of
hazardous
substances
Preparation of
disassembly
sequence
Selecting tools
and lines for
disassembly
Estimation of the
revenues after
disassembly
Fig. 2.2 Disassembly planning of E-waste. The main steps to be taken in a recycling plant
P. Nowakowski
correct disassembly planning involves access to information on the parts material
composition. The depth of disassembly must take into consideration the profitability of the entire process (Lambert 2002; Liu et al. 2009). This criterion is not only
related to the profitability associated with the sale of the recycled materials, but it
also includes potential benefits of a reduction or elimination of harmful effects on
the environment (Lambert 2003). Planning the disassembly process should include
five basic steps shown in Fig. 2.2.
Preliminary inspection of waste products begins before the main dismantling
sequence. Its purpose is to specify a product material inventory and joints of the
assemblies. To find the optimal disassembly path, consider the following issues
(Li et al. 2006):
• A potential value of components to be dismantled
• Identification of components
• Choosing a disassembly strategy
When identifying components, some of them can be dismantled as a whole, if the
entire subassembly has more value on the secondary market and can be sold to
another plant. It is crucial in planning a dismantling sequence of the end-of-life
product. For example, when the ultimate purpose of disassembly is the recovery of
homogeneous materials, collecting all components made of steel, plastic, or glass
prevents unnecessary dismantling steps (Lee et al. 2001). The choice of dismantling
strategy depends on the economic analysis of the process. The aim is to compare the
profitability rate of materials and parts recovery in relation to alternative solutions.
The following issues can be taken into consideration to generate the disassembly
sequence (Hsin-Hao (Tom) Huang et al. 2000; Bogaert et al. 2008; Duta et al. 2008;
Kuo 2010; Nowakowski 2018):
• Fulfilling the recommendations of waste electrical and electronic equipment
directives or regulations specific to an individual country; the purpose is to
remove elements that are hazardous to the environment, such as batteries, printed
circuit boards, liquid crystal displays, refrigerants, electrolytic capacitors, etc.
• Manual disassembly for separating the main components to achieve maximum
profit with a short disassembly time; targeting mainly on ferrous, nonferrous, and
precious metals, e.g., gold in processors, mainboards, gold-plated contacts, etc.
• Adapted to the existing installation in a large disassembling and recycling plant
with automated shredding, separating, and sorting of materials.
• Using modern identification methods such as barcodes, two-dimensional codes,
or radio-frequency identification technology, with the possibility of automating
various stages of disassembly.
Preliminary
inspection of
a waste product
Identification of
hazardous
substances
Preparation of
disassembly
sequence
Selecting tools
and lines for
disassembly
Estimation of the
revenues after
disassembly
Fig. 2.2 Disassembly planning of E-waste. The main steps to be taken in a recycling plant
P. Nowakowski