13
funnel and panel glass of particle size below 1 mm to replace silica for production
of clay bricks and roof tiles as construction materials. The study conducted by
Dondi et al. (2009) showed that bricks and roof tiles quality was good enough.
Finely ground glass has the cementitious ability, and it forms calcium silicate
hydrate responsible for the development of high strength in concrete when its silica
content reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water (Shi et al. 2005).
Hence, cathode-ray tube funnel glass is used to make concrete blocks with acceptable compressive strength (Ling and Poon 2014). These concrete blocks have lower
drying shrinkage, i.e., more resistant to water with high block density, making the
blocks suitable against gamma radiation.
1.6.6 Waste Vitrification Glass
The technology is reliable and converts cathode-ray tube waste into glass-forming
materials in high-temperature melters through very fine grinding and melting
(Engelhardt 2013). The funnel glass can be used for nuclear waste vitrification. The
waste comprising hazardous and nuclear substances are confined in crystalline
structure, while the lead offers necessary protection against radiation (gamma)
through shielding. Trombay nuclear plant in India uses lead oxide (PbO) with vitrification glass to stabilize nuclear waste (Sengupta et al. 2013).
Fig. 1.6 Cathode-ray tube glass recycling process. (Source: Adapted from Singh et al. 2016b)
1 Solution and Challenges in Recycling Waste Cathode-Ray Tube
funnel and panel glass of particle size below 1 mm to replace silica for production
of clay bricks and roof tiles as construction materials. The study conducted by
Dondi et al. (2009) showed that bricks and roof tiles quality was good enough.
Finely ground glass has the cementitious ability, and it forms calcium silicate
hydrate responsible for the development of high strength in concrete when its silica
content reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water (Shi et al. 2005).
Hence, cathode-ray tube funnel glass is used to make concrete blocks with acceptable compressive strength (Ling and Poon 2014). These concrete blocks have lower
drying shrinkage, i.e., more resistant to water with high block density, making the
blocks suitable against gamma radiation.
1.6.6 Waste Vitrification Glass
The technology is reliable and converts cathode-ray tube waste into glass-forming
materials in high-temperature melters through very fine grinding and melting
(Engelhardt 2013). The funnel glass can be used for nuclear waste vitrification. The
waste comprising hazardous and nuclear substances are confined in crystalline
structure, while the lead offers necessary protection against radiation (gamma)
through shielding. Trombay nuclear plant in India uses lead oxide (PbO) with vitrification glass to stabilize nuclear waste (Sengupta et al. 2013).
Fig. 1.6 Cathode-ray tube glass recycling process. (Source: Adapted from Singh et al. 2016b)
1 Solution and Challenges in Recycling Waste Cathode-Ray Tube