12
1.6.3 Mechanochemical Activation Process
This process is triggered by physicochemical changes and has wide applications.
Even without having the requirement of high temperature, cathode-ray tube funnel
glass can be removed by using mechanochemical sulfidization reaction (Yuan et al.
2013). The mechanochemical sulfidization reaction is initiated by co-grinding
cathode- ray tube glass with elemental sulfur in atmospheric nitrogen (Yuan et al.
2012). An extensive physical and chemical change of the glass structure is obtained
through ball milling by mechanical activation. Extraction of lead from cathode-ray
tube funnel glass is cost-effective and encouraging with lead recovery rate for funnel glass activated for 2 h at the rotational speed of 500 rpm (by ball mill) reached
92.5% (Yuan et al. 2012), compared with 1.2% from the inactivated sample (Yuan
et al. 2013). It can also detoxify other leaded glass (Yaun et al. 2012).
1.6.4 Emerging Technology Used in Industry
Industries are also paying increased attention to recycling of cathode-ray tube by
introducing technology that results in less emission or reduces environmental
impacts. For example, The Nulife Glass Company (NGC) and the Sweeep
Kuusakoski Company (SKC) in the United Kingdom (UK) use chemicals and furnace for removal of lead from waste cathode-ray tube in a sustainable process without any residual waste. This recycling furnace technology can process funnel glass
10 tons per day equivalent to around 60 tons cathode-ray tube televisions throughout its life cycle (Nulife Glass 2015). Sweeep Kuusakoski Company in its recycling
process segregated funnel and panel glass without any cross-contamination of the
two different glass types as shown in Fig. 1.6. An electrolytic converter crushes the
funnel glass and produces very distinct and clean molten glass and lead without
having any waste left. Cathode-ray tube recycling furnace further adds values to the
production process by removal of 1 kg of lead from unused or left-out glass (Sweeep
kuusakoski 2015). The introduction of this new emerging technology adopted in the
above industries initiates a new dimension in the recycling of cathode-ray tube
waste. The technology is highly energy efficient which uses $0.50 electricity and
saves $2 worth of lead and clean glass for each treatment of television, and requires
no expensive extraction or filtration system due to its very negligible emissions
(Sweeep Kuusakoski 2015).
1.6.5 Construction Materials
Many researchers have used waste cathode-ray tube funnel glass for the purpose of
making glass-ceramic brick and concrete (construction materials) due to additive
properties of funnel glass. Dondi et al. (2009) proposed assorted cathode-ray tube
S. Shams
1.6.3 Mechanochemical Activation Process
This process is triggered by physicochemical changes and has wide applications.
Even without having the requirement of high temperature, cathode-ray tube funnel
glass can be removed by using mechanochemical sulfidization reaction (Yuan et al.
2013). The mechanochemical sulfidization reaction is initiated by co-grinding
cathode- ray tube glass with elemental sulfur in atmospheric nitrogen (Yuan et al.
2012). An extensive physical and chemical change of the glass structure is obtained
through ball milling by mechanical activation. Extraction of lead from cathode-ray
tube funnel glass is cost-effective and encouraging with lead recovery rate for funnel glass activated for 2 h at the rotational speed of 500 rpm (by ball mill) reached
92.5% (Yuan et al. 2012), compared with 1.2% from the inactivated sample (Yuan
et al. 2013). It can also detoxify other leaded glass (Yaun et al. 2012).
1.6.4 Emerging Technology Used in Industry
Industries are also paying increased attention to recycling of cathode-ray tube by
introducing technology that results in less emission or reduces environmental
impacts. For example, The Nulife Glass Company (NGC) and the Sweeep
Kuusakoski Company (SKC) in the United Kingdom (UK) use chemicals and furnace for removal of lead from waste cathode-ray tube in a sustainable process without any residual waste. This recycling furnace technology can process funnel glass
10 tons per day equivalent to around 60 tons cathode-ray tube televisions throughout its life cycle (Nulife Glass 2015). Sweeep Kuusakoski Company in its recycling
process segregated funnel and panel glass without any cross-contamination of the
two different glass types as shown in Fig. 1.6. An electrolytic converter crushes the
funnel glass and produces very distinct and clean molten glass and lead without
having any waste left. Cathode-ray tube recycling furnace further adds values to the
production process by removal of 1 kg of lead from unused or left-out glass (Sweeep
kuusakoski 2015). The introduction of this new emerging technology adopted in the
above industries initiates a new dimension in the recycling of cathode-ray tube
waste. The technology is highly energy efficient which uses $0.50 electricity and
saves $2 worth of lead and clean glass for each treatment of television, and requires
no expensive extraction or filtration system due to its very negligible emissions
(Sweeep Kuusakoski 2015).
1.6.5 Construction Materials
Many researchers have used waste cathode-ray tube funnel glass for the purpose of
making glass-ceramic brick and concrete (construction materials) due to additive
properties of funnel glass. Dondi et al. (2009) proposed assorted cathode-ray tube
S. Shams