228
Likewise, India drafted ‘Hazardous Materials Laws and Rules’ in 2007 for addressing the same issue (LaDou and Lovegrove 2008).
Non-governmental organizations have played a crucial role by placing pressure
on manufacturers to eliminate or limit the use of environmental contaminants during
manufacturing of their products. One such concept is extended producer
responsibility (EPR) that provides incentives for redesigning and removing toxic
contaminants from their products (Betts 2008). Many manufacturers of electronic
goods have started exploring innovative measures to improve recycling and safe
disposal of E-waste. Developed countries have the self-interest to mitigate the
harmful environmental effects of E-waste as it will negatively affect the food quality
and quantity and other goods that are manufactured and imported from developing
countries. However, there is limited information on environmental effects, risks on
human health and remediation techniques for most of the E-waste contaminants;
therefore, it is anticipated that more safe and scientific recycling options of E-waste
will be adopted to avoid damage of the local environment and human health.
Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to the Dean & Head, Department of Environment
and Sustainable Development and Director, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development,
Banaras Hindu University, for providing necessary facilities. RPS is thankful to the Department of
Science and Technology for providing financial support (DST-SERB P07-678). BS is thankful to
the University Grants Commission for awarding Junior and Senior Research Fellowship. BV is
also thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for awarding Senior Research
Fellowship.
Conflict of Interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no
conflict of interest.
References
Achillas C, Aidonis D, Vlachokostas C, Karagiannidis A, Moussiopoulos N, Loulos V (2013)
Depth of manual dismantling analysis: a cost-benefit approach. Waste Manag 33:948–956
Asante KA, Agusa T, Biney CA, Agyekum WA, Bello M, Otsuka M, Itai T, Takahashi S, Tanabe S
(2012) Multi-trace element levels and arsenic speciation in urine of e-waste recycling workers
from Agbogbloshie, Accra in Ghana. Sci Total Environ 424:63–73
Awasthi AK, Zeng X, Li J (2016) Environmental pollution of electronic waste recycling in India:
a critical review. Environ Pollut 211:259–270
Balde CP, Wang F, Kuehr R, Huisman J (2015) The global E-waste monitor 2014. Quantities flows
and resources. United Nations University, IAS e SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany, pp 1–41. Institute
for the Advanced Study of Sustainability. http://i.unu.edu/media/ias.unu.edu-en/news/7916/
Global-E-waste-Monitor-2014-small.pdf
Barba-Gutiérrez Y, Adenso-Diaz B, Hopp M (2008) An analysis of some environmental consequences of European electrical and electronic waste regulation. Resour Conserv Recycl
52(3):481–495
Betts K (2008) Reducing the global impact of e-waste. Environ Sci Technol 42:1393–1393
Bhutta MKS, Omar A, Yang X (2011) Electronic waste: a growing concern in today’s environment.
Econ Res Int 2011:1–8
B. Vaish et al.
Likewise, India drafted ‘Hazardous Materials Laws and Rules’ in 2007 for addressing the same issue (LaDou and Lovegrove 2008).
Non-governmental organizations have played a crucial role by placing pressure
on manufacturers to eliminate or limit the use of environmental contaminants during
manufacturing of their products. One such concept is extended producer
responsibility (EPR) that provides incentives for redesigning and removing toxic
contaminants from their products (Betts 2008). Many manufacturers of electronic
goods have started exploring innovative measures to improve recycling and safe
disposal of E-waste. Developed countries have the self-interest to mitigate the
harmful environmental effects of E-waste as it will negatively affect the food quality
and quantity and other goods that are manufactured and imported from developing
countries. However, there is limited information on environmental effects, risks on
human health and remediation techniques for most of the E-waste contaminants;
therefore, it is anticipated that more safe and scientific recycling options of E-waste
will be adopted to avoid damage of the local environment and human health.
Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to the Dean & Head, Department of Environment
and Sustainable Development and Director, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development,
Banaras Hindu University, for providing necessary facilities. RPS is thankful to the Department of
Science and Technology for providing financial support (DST-SERB P07-678). BS is thankful to
the University Grants Commission for awarding Junior and Senior Research Fellowship. BV is
also thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for awarding Senior Research
Fellowship.
Conflict of Interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no
conflict of interest.
References
Achillas C, Aidonis D, Vlachokostas C, Karagiannidis A, Moussiopoulos N, Loulos V (2013)
Depth of manual dismantling analysis: a cost-benefit approach. Waste Manag 33:948–956
Asante KA, Agusa T, Biney CA, Agyekum WA, Bello M, Otsuka M, Itai T, Takahashi S, Tanabe S
(2012) Multi-trace element levels and arsenic speciation in urine of e-waste recycling workers
from Agbogbloshie, Accra in Ghana. Sci Total Environ 424:63–73
Awasthi AK, Zeng X, Li J (2016) Environmental pollution of electronic waste recycling in India:
a critical review. Environ Pollut 211:259–270
Balde CP, Wang F, Kuehr R, Huisman J (2015) The global E-waste monitor 2014. Quantities flows
and resources. United Nations University, IAS e SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany, pp 1–41. Institute
for the Advanced Study of Sustainability. http://i.unu.edu/media/ias.unu.edu-en/news/7916/
Global-E-waste-Monitor-2014-small.pdf
Barba-Gutiérrez Y, Adenso-Diaz B, Hopp M (2008) An analysis of some environmental consequences of European electrical and electronic waste regulation. Resour Conserv Recycl
52(3):481–495
Betts K (2008) Reducing the global impact of e-waste. Environ Sci Technol 42:1393–1393
Bhutta MKS, Omar A, Yang X (2011) Electronic waste: a growing concern in today’s environment.
Econ Res Int 2011:1–8
B. Vaish et al.