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amount of Electronic-waste to developing countries. In the process of recycling and
reuse, 50–80% of waste electrical and electronic equipment generated in developed
countries are shipped to developing countries, which are against international laws
(Bastian et al). When Electronic-waste is not disposed of properly, it affects our
environment and living beings. In developing countries, Electronic-waste is dumped
into the soil without treatment due to the lack of strict regulations and financial
resources leading to the soil as well as groundwater contaminations. In India, recycling happens in the form of informal sector where people tear apart the components
in the electronic equipment without any safety measures. People working in this
sector are exposed to toxins 24 hours a day as they live, sleep, and cook in the same
place. In Delhi, illegal and dangerous recycling practices are adopted (Tsydenova
and Bengtsson 2011, Needhidasan et al. 2014).
In Baldé et al. (2015) research, Electronic-waste progress has been discussed in
an accurate manner. Some of the indicators are discussed in the above publication,
and they are:
• Electrical and electronic equipment market scenario
• Electronic-waste totally generated
• Recycle of Electronic-waste done officially
• Collected Electronic-waste rate
The life cycle of Electronic-waste that is from electrical and electronic equipment and the Electronic-waste management are explained in four phases, and they
are as follows:
• Phase 1
Using apparent consumption method or using the statistics, which are maintained from the sales to the Electronic-waste registry, market entry phase can be
analysed.
• Phase 2
The sold product that enters the household or to the business comes under the
stock phase. Using national-level surveys in the household as well as in business,
the stock phase can be analysed. The stock phase includes sales information on
electrical and electronic equipment and the product residence time.
• Phase 3
When the product becomes out of date to the owner, it ends up as waste.
Generation of Electronic-waste becomes an important factor in Electronic-waste
statistics.
• Phase 4
Electronic-waste is managed using one of the following techniques, and they are:
Official take-back system – In order to reduce the environmental impact under
the national Electronic-waste legislation, designated organizations are allotted for the collection of Electronic-waste.
Mixed residual waste collection – Consumers are directly involved in the disposal of Electronic-waste, and as an impact, the disposed Electronic-waste is
made to treat with residual waste. Landfills and incineration are found to be
K. Grace Pavithra et al.
amount of Electronic-waste to developing countries. In the process of recycling and
reuse, 50–80% of waste electrical and electronic equipment generated in developed
countries are shipped to developing countries, which are against international laws
(Bastian et al). When Electronic-waste is not disposed of properly, it affects our
environment and living beings. In developing countries, Electronic-waste is dumped
into the soil without treatment due to the lack of strict regulations and financial
resources leading to the soil as well as groundwater contaminations. In India, recycling happens in the form of informal sector where people tear apart the components
in the electronic equipment without any safety measures. People working in this
sector are exposed to toxins 24 hours a day as they live, sleep, and cook in the same
place. In Delhi, illegal and dangerous recycling practices are adopted (Tsydenova
and Bengtsson 2011, Needhidasan et al. 2014).
In Baldé et al. (2015) research, Electronic-waste progress has been discussed in
an accurate manner. Some of the indicators are discussed in the above publication,
and they are:
• Electrical and electronic equipment market scenario
• Electronic-waste totally generated
• Recycle of Electronic-waste done officially
• Collected Electronic-waste rate
The life cycle of Electronic-waste that is from electrical and electronic equipment and the Electronic-waste management are explained in four phases, and they
are as follows:
• Phase 1
Using apparent consumption method or using the statistics, which are maintained from the sales to the Electronic-waste registry, market entry phase can be
analysed.
• Phase 2
The sold product that enters the household or to the business comes under the
stock phase. Using national-level surveys in the household as well as in business,
the stock phase can be analysed. The stock phase includes sales information on
electrical and electronic equipment and the product residence time.
• Phase 3
When the product becomes out of date to the owner, it ends up as waste.
Generation of Electronic-waste becomes an important factor in Electronic-waste
statistics.
• Phase 4
Electronic-waste is managed using one of the following techniques, and they are:
Official take-back system – In order to reduce the environmental impact under
the national Electronic-waste legislation, designated organizations are allotted for the collection of Electronic-waste.
Mixed residual waste collection – Consumers are directly involved in the disposal of Electronic-waste, and as an impact, the disposed Electronic-waste is
made to treat with residual waste. Landfills and incineration are found to be
K. Grace Pavithra et al.