148. J. Shen, L. Zhao, G. Han, Lanthanide-doped upconverting luminescent nanoparticle
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149. Z. Gu, L. Yan, G. Tian, S. Li, Z. Chai, Y. Zhao, Recent advances in design and fabrication of
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3779 (2013)
150. H. Xing, W. Bu, S. Zhang, X. Zheng, M. Li, F. Chen et al., Multifunctional nanoprobes for
upconversion fluorescence. MR and CT trimodal imaging. Biomaterials 33, 1079–1089
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151. Y. Yang, Y. Sun, T. Cao, J. Peng, Y. Liu, Y. Wu et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of
NaLuF4:153Sm, Yb, Tm nanoparticles and their application in dual-modality upconversion
luminescence and SPECT bioimaging. Biomaterials 34, 774–783 (2013)
152. Y. Sun, M. Yu, S. Liang, Y. Zhang, C. Li, T. Mou et al., Fluorine-18 labeled rare-earth
nanoparticles for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of sentinel lymph node.
Biomaterials 32, 2999–3007 (2011)
153. J. Gallo, I.S. Alam, J. Jin, Y.-J. Gu, E.O. Aboagye, W.-T. Wong et al., PET imaging with
multimodal upconversion nanoparticles. Dalton Trans. 43, 5535–5545 (2014)
154. H.J. Seo, S.H. Nam, H.-J. Im, J.-Y. Park, J.Y. Lee, B. Yoo et al., Rapid hepatobiliary
excretion of micelle-encapsulated/radiolabeled upconverting nanoparticles as an integrated
form. Sci Rep. 5, 15685 (2015)
155. J. Lee, T.S. Lee, J. Ryu, S. Hong, M. Kang, K. Im et al., RGD peptide-conjugated
multimodal NaGdF4:Yb
3+ /Er
3+ nanophosphors for upconversion luminescence, MR, and
PET imaging of tumor angiogenesis. J. Nucl. Med. 54, 96–103 (2013)
156. T. Cao, Y. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, Y. Gao, W. Feng et al., Biodistribution of sub-10 nm
PEG-modified radioactive/upconversion nanoparticles. Biomaterials 34, 7127–7134 (2013)
157. Q. Liu, M. Chen, Y. Sun, G. Chen, T. Yang, Y. Gao et al., Multifunctional rare-earth
self-assembled nanosystem for tri-modal upconversion luminescence/fluorescence/positron
emission tomography imaging. Biomaterials 32, 8243–8253 (2011)
158. J. Rieffel, F. Chen, J. Kim, G. Chen, W. Shao, S. Shao et al., Hexamodal imaging with
porphyrin-phospholipid-coated upconversion nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 27, 1785–1790
(2015)
159. L. Wang, Synthetic methods of CuS nanoparticles and their applications for imaging and
cancer therapy. RSC Adv. 6, 82596–82615 (2016)
160. S. Goel, F. Chen, W. Cai, Synthesis and biomedical applications of copper sulfide
nanoparticles: from sensors to theranostics. Small 10, 631–645 (2014)
161. R. Chakravarty, S. Chakraborty, R.S. Ningthoujam, K.V. Vimalnath Nair, K.S. Sharma, A.
Ballal et al., Industrial-scale synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled
64
CuS nanoparticles for
use in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of cancer. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 55,
12407–12419 (2016)
162. M. Zhou, R. Zhang, M. Huang, W. Lu, S. Song, M.P. Melancon et al., A chelator-free
multifunctional [
64
Cu]CuS nanoparticle platform for simultaneous micro-PET/CT imaging
and photothermal ablation therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 15351–15358 (2010)
163. Y. Zhang, T.R. Nayak, H. Hong, W. Cai, Biomedical applications of zinc oxide
nanomaterials. Curr. Mol. Med. 13, 1633–1645 (2013)
164. W.-Q. Zhang, Y. Lu, T.-K. Zhang, W. Xu, M. Zhang, S.-H. Yu, Controlled synthesis and
biocompatibility of water-soluble ZnO nanorods/Au nanocomposites with tunable UV and
visible emission intensity. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 19872–19877 (2008)
165. Y. Liu, K. Ai, Q. Yuan, L. Lu, Fluorescence-enhanced gadolinium-doped zinc oxide
quantum dots for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. Biomaterials 32, 1185–
1192 (2011)
166. H. Hong, F. Wang, Y. Zhang, S.A. Graves, S.B.Z. Eddine, Y. Yang et al., Red fluorescent
zinc oxide nanoparticle: A novel platform for cancer targeting. ACS Appl. Mater. 7, 3373–
3381 (2015)
2 Exogenous Radionanomedicine: Inorganic Nanomaterials
45
platforms for optical imaging-guided drug delivery and therapy. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65,
744–755 (2013)
149. Z. Gu, L. Yan, G. Tian, S. Li, Z. Chai, Y. Zhao, Recent advances in design and fabrication of
upconversion nanoparticles and their safe theranostic applications. Adv. Mater. 25, 3758–
3779 (2013)
150. H. Xing, W. Bu, S. Zhang, X. Zheng, M. Li, F. Chen et al., Multifunctional nanoprobes for
upconversion fluorescence. MR and CT trimodal imaging. Biomaterials 33, 1079–1089
(2012)
151. Y. Yang, Y. Sun, T. Cao, J. Peng, Y. Liu, Y. Wu et al., Hydrothermal synthesis of
NaLuF4:153Sm, Yb, Tm nanoparticles and their application in dual-modality upconversion
luminescence and SPECT bioimaging. Biomaterials 34, 774–783 (2013)
152. Y. Sun, M. Yu, S. Liang, Y. Zhang, C. Li, T. Mou et al., Fluorine-18 labeled rare-earth
nanoparticles for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of sentinel lymph node.
Biomaterials 32, 2999–3007 (2011)
153. J. Gallo, I.S. Alam, J. Jin, Y.-J. Gu, E.O. Aboagye, W.-T. Wong et al., PET imaging with
multimodal upconversion nanoparticles. Dalton Trans. 43, 5535–5545 (2014)
154. H.J. Seo, S.H. Nam, H.-J. Im, J.-Y. Park, J.Y. Lee, B. Yoo et al., Rapid hepatobiliary
excretion of micelle-encapsulated/radiolabeled upconverting nanoparticles as an integrated
form. Sci Rep. 5, 15685 (2015)
155. J. Lee, T.S. Lee, J. Ryu, S. Hong, M. Kang, K. Im et al., RGD peptide-conjugated
multimodal NaGdF4:Yb
3+ /Er
3+ nanophosphors for upconversion luminescence, MR, and
PET imaging of tumor angiogenesis. J. Nucl. Med. 54, 96–103 (2013)
156. T. Cao, Y. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, Y. Gao, W. Feng et al., Biodistribution of sub-10 nm
PEG-modified radioactive/upconversion nanoparticles. Biomaterials 34, 7127–7134 (2013)
157. Q. Liu, M. Chen, Y. Sun, G. Chen, T. Yang, Y. Gao et al., Multifunctional rare-earth
self-assembled nanosystem for tri-modal upconversion luminescence/fluorescence/positron
emission tomography imaging. Biomaterials 32, 8243–8253 (2011)
158. J. Rieffel, F. Chen, J. Kim, G. Chen, W. Shao, S. Shao et al., Hexamodal imaging with
porphyrin-phospholipid-coated upconversion nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 27, 1785–1790
(2015)
159. L. Wang, Synthetic methods of CuS nanoparticles and their applications for imaging and
cancer therapy. RSC Adv. 6, 82596–82615 (2016)
160. S. Goel, F. Chen, W. Cai, Synthesis and biomedical applications of copper sulfide
nanoparticles: from sensors to theranostics. Small 10, 631–645 (2014)
161. R. Chakravarty, S. Chakraborty, R.S. Ningthoujam, K.V. Vimalnath Nair, K.S. Sharma, A.
Ballal et al., Industrial-scale synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled
64
CuS nanoparticles for
use in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of cancer. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 55,
12407–12419 (2016)
162. M. Zhou, R. Zhang, M. Huang, W. Lu, S. Song, M.P. Melancon et al., A chelator-free
multifunctional [
64
Cu]CuS nanoparticle platform for simultaneous micro-PET/CT imaging
and photothermal ablation therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 15351–15358 (2010)
163. Y. Zhang, T.R. Nayak, H. Hong, W. Cai, Biomedical applications of zinc oxide
nanomaterials. Curr. Mol. Med. 13, 1633–1645 (2013)
164. W.-Q. Zhang, Y. Lu, T.-K. Zhang, W. Xu, M. Zhang, S.-H. Yu, Controlled synthesis and
biocompatibility of water-soluble ZnO nanorods/Au nanocomposites with tunable UV and
visible emission intensity. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 19872–19877 (2008)
165. Y. Liu, K. Ai, Q. Yuan, L. Lu, Fluorescence-enhanced gadolinium-doped zinc oxide
quantum dots for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. Biomaterials 32, 1185–
1192 (2011)
166. H. Hong, F. Wang, Y. Zhang, S.A. Graves, S.B.Z. Eddine, Y. Yang et al., Red fluorescent
zinc oxide nanoparticle: A novel platform for cancer targeting. ACS Appl. Mater. 7, 3373–
3381 (2015)
2 Exogenous Radionanomedicine: Inorganic Nanomaterials
45