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395, 324–330 (2010)
69. F. Chen, S. Goel, R. Hernandez, S.A. Graves, S. Shi, R.J. Nickles et al., Dynamic positron
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70. C. Zhou, G. Hao, P. Thomas, J. Liu, M. Yu, S. Sun et al., Near-infrared emitting radioactive
gold nanoparticles with molecular pharmacokinetics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51,
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71. L. Karmani, D. Labar, V. Valembois, V. Bouchat, P.G. Nagaswaran, A. Bol et al.,
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nanoparticles for cancer imaging: Improved radiolabel stability and diagnostic accuracy.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 156–159 (2014)
74. J. Lipka, M. Semmler-Behnke, R.A. Sperling, A. Wenk, S. Takenaka, C. Schleh et al.,
Biodistribution of PEG-modified gold nanoparticles following intratracheal instillation and
intravenous injection. Biomaterials 31, 6574–6581 (2010)
75. L. Sun, D. Liu, Z. Wang, Functional gold nanoparticle − peptide Complexes as
cell-targeting agents. Langmuir 24, 10293–10297 (2008)
76. D.J. Javier, N. Nitin, M. Levy, A. Ellington, R. Richards-Kortum, Aptamer-targeted gold
nanoparticles as molecular-specific contrast agents for reflectance imaging. Bioconjug.
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77. D.A. Giljohann, D.S. Seferos, A.E. Prigodich, P.C. Patel, C.A. Mirkin, Gene regulation with
polyvalent siRNA-nanoparticle conjugates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 2072–2073 (2009)
78. R. Marega, L. Karmani, L. Flamant, P.G. Nageswaran, V. Valembois, B. Masereel et al.,
Antibody-functionalized polymer-coated gold nanoparticles targeting cancer cells: an
in vitro and in vivo study. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 21305–21312 (2012)
79. P.M. Tiwari, K. Vig, V. Dennis, S.R. Singh, Functionalized gold nanoparticles and their
biomedical applications. Nanomaterials 1, 31–63
80. E. Sadauskas, G. Danscher, M. Stoltenberg, U. Vogel, A. Larsen, H. Wallin, Protracted
elimination of gold nanoparticles from mouse liver. Nanomedicine 5, 162–169 (2009)
81. W.-S. Cho, M. Cho, J. Jeong, M. Choi, H.-Y. Cho, B.S. Han et al., Acute toxicity and
pharmacokinetics of 13 nm-sized PEG-coated gold nanoparticles. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
236, 16–24 (2009)
82. J.F. Dorsey, L. Sun, D.Y. Joh, A. Witztum, G.D. Kao, M. Alonso-Basanta et al., Gold
nanoparticles in radiation research: potential applications for imaging and radiosensitization.
Transl. Cancer Res. 2, 280–291 (2013)
83. X. Gao, L. Yang, J.A. Petros, F.F. Marshall, J.W. Simons, S. Nie, In vivo molecular and
cellular imaging with quantum dots. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16, 63–72 (2005)
84. W.C.W. Chan, D.J. Maxwell, X. Gao, R.E. Bailey, M. Han, S. Nie, Luminescent quantum
dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 13, 40–46
(2002)
85. Y. Ghasemi, P. Peymani, S. Afifi, Quantum dot: magic nanoparticle for imaging, detection
and targeting. Acta Biomed. 80, 156–165 (2009)
86. M.J. Bruchez, M. Moronne, P. Gin, S. Weiss, A.P. Alivisatos, Semiconductor nanocrystals
as fluorescent biological labels. Science 281, 2013–2016 (1998)
2 Exogenous Radionanomedicine: Inorganic Nanomaterials
41
nanoparticles for PET imaging. Austin J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. 2, 1016 (2014)
68. H. Xie, Z.J. Wang, A. Bao, B. Goins, W.T. Phillips, In vivo PET imaging and
biodistribution of radiolabeled gold nanoshells in rats with tumor xenografts. Int. J. Pharm.
395, 324–330 (2010)
69. F. Chen, S. Goel, R. Hernandez, S.A. Graves, S. Shi, R.J. Nickles et al., Dynamic positron
emission tomography imaging of renal clearable gold nanoparticles. Small 12, 2775–2782
(2016)
70. C. Zhou, G. Hao, P. Thomas, J. Liu, M. Yu, S. Sun et al., Near-infrared emitting radioactive
gold nanoparticles with molecular pharmacokinetics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51,
10118–10122 (2012)
71. L. Karmani, D. Labar, V. Valembois, V. Bouchat, P.G. Nagaswaran, A. Bol et al.,
Antibody-functionalized nanoparticles for imaging cancer: influence of conjugation to gold
nanoparticles on the biodistribution of
89
Zr-labeled cetuximab in mice. Contrast Media Mol.
Imaging 8, 402–408 (2013)
72. T. Aweda, D. Sultan, Y. Liu, Radio-labeled nanoparticles for biomedical imaging, in
Nanotechnology for Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics, ed. by Y. Mikhail (Wiley, New
York, 2014), pp. 193–221
73. Y. Zhao, D. Sultan, L. Detering, S. Cho, G. Sun, R. Pierce et al., Copper-64-alloyed gold
nanoparticles for cancer imaging: Improved radiolabel stability and diagnostic accuracy.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 156–159 (2014)
74. J. Lipka, M. Semmler-Behnke, R.A. Sperling, A. Wenk, S. Takenaka, C. Schleh et al.,
Biodistribution of PEG-modified gold nanoparticles following intratracheal instillation and
intravenous injection. Biomaterials 31, 6574–6581 (2010)
75. L. Sun, D. Liu, Z. Wang, Functional gold nanoparticle − peptide Complexes as
cell-targeting agents. Langmuir 24, 10293–10297 (2008)
76. D.J. Javier, N. Nitin, M. Levy, A. Ellington, R. Richards-Kortum, Aptamer-targeted gold
nanoparticles as molecular-specific contrast agents for reflectance imaging. Bioconjug.
Chem. 19, 1309–1312 (2008)
77. D.A. Giljohann, D.S. Seferos, A.E. Prigodich, P.C. Patel, C.A. Mirkin, Gene regulation with
polyvalent siRNA-nanoparticle conjugates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 2072–2073 (2009)
78. R. Marega, L. Karmani, L. Flamant, P.G. Nageswaran, V. Valembois, B. Masereel et al.,
Antibody-functionalized polymer-coated gold nanoparticles targeting cancer cells: an
in vitro and in vivo study. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 21305–21312 (2012)
79. P.M. Tiwari, K. Vig, V. Dennis, S.R. Singh, Functionalized gold nanoparticles and their
biomedical applications. Nanomaterials 1, 31–63
80. E. Sadauskas, G. Danscher, M. Stoltenberg, U. Vogel, A. Larsen, H. Wallin, Protracted
elimination of gold nanoparticles from mouse liver. Nanomedicine 5, 162–169 (2009)
81. W.-S. Cho, M. Cho, J. Jeong, M. Choi, H.-Y. Cho, B.S. Han et al., Acute toxicity and
pharmacokinetics of 13 nm-sized PEG-coated gold nanoparticles. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
236, 16–24 (2009)
82. J.F. Dorsey, L. Sun, D.Y. Joh, A. Witztum, G.D. Kao, M. Alonso-Basanta et al., Gold
nanoparticles in radiation research: potential applications for imaging and radiosensitization.
Transl. Cancer Res. 2, 280–291 (2013)
83. X. Gao, L. Yang, J.A. Petros, F.F. Marshall, J.W. Simons, S. Nie, In vivo molecular and
cellular imaging with quantum dots. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16, 63–72 (2005)
84. W.C.W. Chan, D.J. Maxwell, X. Gao, R.E. Bailey, M. Han, S. Nie, Luminescent quantum
dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 13, 40–46
(2002)
85. Y. Ghasemi, P. Peymani, S. Afifi, Quantum dot: magic nanoparticle for imaging, detection
and targeting. Acta Biomed. 80, 156–165 (2009)
86. M.J. Bruchez, M. Moronne, P. Gin, S. Weiss, A.P. Alivisatos, Semiconductor nanocrystals
as fluorescent biological labels. Science 281, 2013–2016 (1998)
2 Exogenous Radionanomedicine: Inorganic Nanomaterials
41