Chapter 21
Innate Immunity to Nanomaterials
Dong Soo Lee and Young Kee Shin
Abstract Nanomaterials, if injected to the body systemically, will meet circulating
innate immune mediators first and then tissue-resident macrophages. In this chapter,
the recent development of the understanding of the innate immunity, mostly the
origin and contribution of tissue-resident macrophages was explained. Interestingly,
recently tissue-resident macrophages, major player of innate immunity are not
derived from circulating monocyte, especially in liver. Tissue residentmacrophages, which are in non-activated state and will act as first-hand gatekeeper to respond to the injected nanomaterials. This innate immunity has the
capability of memory and trainability, which means on the second injection, the
degree of response will be higher. This trained innate immunity is now known to be
meditated by epigenetic modification. Accelerated blood clearance is the minor and
benign aftereffect of the action of innate immune response and the activation of
pentraxin and complement system or provocation of humoral or cellular adaptive
immune response is the consequential aftereffect of immune responses to the
nanomaterials. The differentiation between innate and adaptive immunity lies in the
presence or absence of involvement of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules
and of V(D)J recombination in effector cells and molecules (Immunoglobulins or T
D. S. Lee (&)
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
e-mail: dsl@snu.ac.kr
D. S. Lee Á Y. K. Shin
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences,
Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
e-mail: ykeeshin@snu.ac.kr
Y. K. Shin
The Center for Anti-Cancer Companion Diagnostics, Bio-MAX/N-Bio,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Y. K. Shin
Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
D. S. Lee (ed.), Radionanomedicine, Biological and Medical Physics,
Biomedical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67720-0_21
389
Innate Immunity to Nanomaterials
Dong Soo Lee and Young Kee Shin
Abstract Nanomaterials, if injected to the body systemically, will meet circulating
innate immune mediators first and then tissue-resident macrophages. In this chapter,
the recent development of the understanding of the innate immunity, mostly the
origin and contribution of tissue-resident macrophages was explained. Interestingly,
recently tissue-resident macrophages, major player of innate immunity are not
derived from circulating monocyte, especially in liver. Tissue residentmacrophages, which are in non-activated state and will act as first-hand gatekeeper to respond to the injected nanomaterials. This innate immunity has the
capability of memory and trainability, which means on the second injection, the
degree of response will be higher. This trained innate immunity is now known to be
meditated by epigenetic modification. Accelerated blood clearance is the minor and
benign aftereffect of the action of innate immune response and the activation of
pentraxin and complement system or provocation of humoral or cellular adaptive
immune response is the consequential aftereffect of immune responses to the
nanomaterials. The differentiation between innate and adaptive immunity lies in the
presence or absence of involvement of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules
and of V(D)J recombination in effector cells and molecules (Immunoglobulins or T
D. S. Lee (&)
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
e-mail: dsl@snu.ac.kr
D. S. Lee Á Y. K. Shin
Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences,
Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
e-mail: ykeeshin@snu.ac.kr
Y. K. Shin
The Center for Anti-Cancer Companion Diagnostics, Bio-MAX/N-Bio,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Y. K. Shin
Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, College of Pharmacy,
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
D. S. Lee (ed.), Radionanomedicine, Biological and Medical Physics,
Biomedical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67720-0_21
389