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82. J. Liu, M. Yu, C. Zhou, S. Yang, X. Ning, J. Zheng, Passive tumor targeting of renal-clearable
luminescent gold nanoparticles: long tumor retention and fast normal tissue clearance. J. Am.
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83. C. Zhou, M. Long, Y. Qin, X. Sun, J. Zheng, Luminescent gold nanoparticles with efficient
renal clearance. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 50(14), 3168–3172 (2011)
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85. C. Zhou, G. Hao, P. Thomas, J. Liu, M. Yu, S. Sun et al., Near-infrared emitting radioactive
gold nanoparticles with molecular pharmacokinetics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51(40),
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86. Tang S, Peng C, Xu J, Du B, Wang Q, Vinluan RD 3rd et al., Tailoring renal clearance and
tumor targeting of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles with particle density. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
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87. M. Zhou, J. Li, S. Liang, A.K. Sood, D. Liang, C. Li, CuS Nanodots with ultrahigh efficient
renal clearance for positron emission tomography imaging and image-guided photothermal
therapy. ACS Nano. 9(7), 7085–7096 (2015)
88. M. Zhou, R. Zhang, M. Huang, W. Lu, S. Song, M.P. Melancon et al., A chelator-free
multifunctional [
64
Cu]CuS nanoparticle platform for simultaneous micro-PET/CT imaging
and photothermal ablation therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(43), 15351–15358 (2010)
89. F. Ai, C.A. Ferreira, F. Chen, W. Cai, Engineering of radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles
for dual-modality imaging. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 8(4), 619–630
(2016)
90. T. Cao, Y. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, Y. Gao, W. Feng et al., Biodistribution of sub-10 nm PEGmodified radioactive/upconversion nanoparticles. Biomaterials 34(29), 7127–7134 (2013)
91. Y. Geng, P. Dalhaimer, S. Cai, R. Tsai, M. Tewari, T. Minko et al., Shape effects of filaments
versus spherical particles in flow and drug delivery. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(4), 249–255 (2007)
92. P. Kolhar, A.C. Anselmo, V. Gupta, K. Pant, B. Prabhakarpandian, E. Ruoslahti et al., Using
shape effects to target antibody-coated nanoparticles to lung and brain endothelium. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110(26), 10753–10758 (2013)
93. A. Banerjee, J. Qi, R. Gogoi, J. Wong, S. Mitragotri, Role of nanoparticle size, shape and
surface chemistry in oral drug delivery. J. Control Release 238, 176–185 (2016)
328
F. Chen
organ-selective biodistribution of NIR fluorescent quantum dots. Nano Lett. 9(6), 2354–2359
(2009)
75. M.L. Schipper, Z. Cheng, S.W. Lee, L.A. Bentolila, G. Iyer, J. Rao et al., microPET-based
biodistribution of quantum dots in living mice. J. Nucl. Med. 48(9), 1511–1518 (2007)
76. W. Cai, K. Chen, Z.B. Li, S.S. Gambhir, X. Chen, Dual-function probe for PET and
near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor vasculature. J. Nucl. Med. 48(11), 1862–1870
(2007)
77. J.A. Fitzpatrick, S.K. Andreko, L.A. Ernst, A.S. Waggoner, B. Ballou, M.P. Bruchez,
Long-term persistence and spectral blue shifting of quantum dots in vivo. Nano Lett. 9(7),
2736–2741 (2009)
78. K.-T. Yong, I. Roy, H. Ding, E.J. Bergey, P.N. Prasad, Biocompatible near-infrared quantum
dots as ultrasensitive probes for long-term in vivo imaging applications. Small 5(17), 1997–
2004 (2009)
79. R.S. Yang, L.W. Chang, J.P. Wu, M.H. Tsai, H.J. Wang, Y.C. Kuo et al., Persistent tissue
kinetics and redistribution of nanoparticles, quantum dot 705, in mice: ICP-MS quantitative
assessment. Environ. Health Perspect. 115(9), 1339–1343 (2007)
80. C. Zhou, M. Long, Y. Qin, X. Sun, J. Zheng, Luminescent gold nanoparticles with efficient
renal clearance. Angew. Chem. 123(14), 3226–3230 (2011)
81. J. Liu, M. Yu, X. Ning, C. Zhou, S. Yang, J. Zheng, PEGylation and zwitterionization: pros
and cons in the renal clearance and tumor targeting of near-IR-emitting gold nanoparticles.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(48), 12572–12576 (2013)
82. J. Liu, M. Yu, C. Zhou, S. Yang, X. Ning, J. Zheng, Passive tumor targeting of renal-clearable
luminescent gold nanoparticles: long tumor retention and fast normal tissue clearance. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 135(13), 4978–4981 (2013)
83. C. Zhou, M. Long, Y. Qin, X. Sun, J. Zheng, Luminescent gold nanoparticles with efficient
renal clearance. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 50(14), 3168–3172 (2011)
84. F. Chen, S. Goel, R. Hernandez, S.A. Graves, S. Shi, R.J. Nickles et al., Dynamic positron
emission tomography imaging of renal clearable gold nanoparticles. Small 12(20), 2775–2782
(2016)
85. C. Zhou, G. Hao, P. Thomas, J. Liu, M. Yu, S. Sun et al., Near-infrared emitting radioactive
gold nanoparticles with molecular pharmacokinetics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51(40),
10118–10122 (2012)
86. Tang S, Peng C, Xu J, Du B, Wang Q, Vinluan RD 3rd et al., Tailoring renal clearance and
tumor targeting of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles with particle density. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
Engl. (2016)
87. M. Zhou, J. Li, S. Liang, A.K. Sood, D. Liang, C. Li, CuS Nanodots with ultrahigh efficient
renal clearance for positron emission tomography imaging and image-guided photothermal
therapy. ACS Nano. 9(7), 7085–7096 (2015)
88. M. Zhou, R. Zhang, M. Huang, W. Lu, S. Song, M.P. Melancon et al., A chelator-free
multifunctional [
64
Cu]CuS nanoparticle platform for simultaneous micro-PET/CT imaging
and photothermal ablation therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(43), 15351–15358 (2010)
89. F. Ai, C.A. Ferreira, F. Chen, W. Cai, Engineering of radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles
for dual-modality imaging. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 8(4), 619–630
(2016)
90. T. Cao, Y. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, Y. Gao, W. Feng et al., Biodistribution of sub-10 nm PEGmodified radioactive/upconversion nanoparticles. Biomaterials 34(29), 7127–7134 (2013)
91. Y. Geng, P. Dalhaimer, S. Cai, R. Tsai, M. Tewari, T. Minko et al., Shape effects of filaments
versus spherical particles in flow and drug delivery. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(4), 249–255 (2007)
92. P. Kolhar, A.C. Anselmo, V. Gupta, K. Pant, B. Prabhakarpandian, E. Ruoslahti et al., Using
shape effects to target antibody-coated nanoparticles to lung and brain endothelium. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110(26), 10753–10758 (2013)
93. A. Banerjee, J. Qi, R. Gogoi, J. Wong, S. Mitragotri, Role of nanoparticle size, shape and
surface chemistry in oral drug delivery. J. Control Release 238, 176–185 (2016)
328
F. Chen