11. L. Shang, K. Nienhaus, G.U. Nienhaus, Engineered nanoparticles interacting with cells: size
matters. J. Nanobiotechnology 12, 5 (2014)
12. Y. Jiang, S.D. Huo, T. Mizuhara, R. Das, Y.W. Lee, S. Hou et al., The interplay of size and
surface functionality on the cellular uptake of sub-10 nm gold nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 9
(10), 9986–9993 (2015)
13. J. Jiang, G. Oberdoerster, A. Elder, R. Gelein, P. Mercer, P. Biswas, Does nanoparticle
activity depend upon size and crystal phase? Nanotoxicology 2(1), 33–42 (2008)
14. S. Zhang, J. Li, G. Lykotrafitis, G. Bao, S. Suresh, Size-dependent endocytosis of
nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 21(4), 419–424 (2009)
15. Q. He, Z. Zhang, F. Gao, Y. Li, J. Shi, In vivo biodistribution and urinary excretion of
mesoporous silica nanoparticles: effects of particle size and PEGylation. Small 7(2), 271–280
(2011)
16. H.S. Choi, W. Liu, P. Misra, E. Tanaka, J.P. Zimmer, B. Itty Ipe et al., Renal clearance of
quantum dots. Nat. Biotech. 25(10), 1165–1170 (2007)
17. H. Hong, Y. Zhang, J. Sun, W. Cai, Molecular imaging and therapy of cancer with
radiolabeled nanoparticles. Nano Today 4(5), 399–413 (2009)
18. S. Goel, F. Chen, E.B. Ehlerding, W. Cai, Intrinsically radiolabeled nanoparticles: an
emerging paradigm. Small 10(19), 3825–3830 (2014)
19. X. Sun, W. Cai, X. Chen, Positron emission tomography imaging using radiolabeled
inorganic nanomaterials. Acc. Chem. Res. 48(2), 286–294 (2015)
20. S. Goel, C.G. England, F. Chen, W. Cai, Positron emission tomography and nanotechnology:
a dynamic duo for cancer theranostics. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 113, 157–176 (2017)
21. H. Hong, F. Chen, W. Cai, Pharmacokinetic issues of imaging with nanoparticles: focusing on
carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. Mol. Imaging Biol. 15(5), 507–520 (2013)
22. A. Albanese, P.S. Tang, W.C. Chan, The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface
chemistry on biological systems. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 14, 1–16 (2012)
23. D. Ling, N. Lee, T. Hyeon, Chemical synthesis and assembly of uniformly sized iron oxide
nanoparticles for medical applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 48(5), 1276–1285 (2015)
24. S.H. Lacerda, J.J. Park, C. Meuse, D. Pristinski, M.L. Becker, A. Karim et al., Interaction of
gold nanoparticles with common human blood proteins. ACS Nano. 4(1), 365–379 (2010)
25. H.S. Choi, S.L. Gibbs, J.H. Lee, S.H. Kim, Y. Ashitate, F. Liu et al., Targeted zwitterionic
near-infrared fluorophores for improved optical imaging. Nat. Biotechnol. 31(2), 148–153
(2013)
26. E.B. Ehlerding, F. Chen, W. Cai, Biodegradable and renal clearable inorganic nanoparticles.
Adv. Sci. (Weinh). 3(2), 1500223–1500231 (2016)
27. M. Yu, J. Zheng, Clearance pathways and tumor targeting of imaging nanoparticles. ACS
Nano. 9(7), 6655–6674 (2015)
28. http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/SCOGS/ucm261095.htm
29. X. Ma, Y. Zhao, X.-J. Liang, Theranostic nanoparticles engineered for clinic and
pharmaceutics. Acc. Chem. Res. 44(10), 1114–1122 (2011)
30. D. Tarn, C.E. Ashley, M. Xue, E.C. Carnes, J.I. Zink, C.J. Brinker, Mesoporous silica
nanoparticle nanocarriers: biofunctionality and biocompatibility. Acc. Chem. Res. 46(3),
792–801 (2013)
31. K. Wang, X. He, X. Yang, H. Shi, Functionalized silica nanoparticles: a platform for
fluorescence imaging at the cell and small animal levels. Acc. Chem. Res. 46(7), 1367–1376
(2013)
32. S. Shi, F. Chen, W. Cai, Biomedical applications of functionalized hollow mesoporous silica
nanoparticles: focusing on molecular imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 8(12), 2027–2039
(2013)
33. E. Phillips, O. Penate-Medina, P.B. Zanzonico, R.D. Carvajal, P. Mohan, Y. Ye et al., Clinical
translation of an ultrasmall inorganic optical-PET imaging nanoparticle probe. Sci. Transl.
Med. 6(260), 260ra149 (2014)
17 Size-, Shape- and Charge-Dependent Pharmacokinetics …
325
matters. J. Nanobiotechnology 12, 5 (2014)
12. Y. Jiang, S.D. Huo, T. Mizuhara, R. Das, Y.W. Lee, S. Hou et al., The interplay of size and
surface functionality on the cellular uptake of sub-10 nm gold nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 9
(10), 9986–9993 (2015)
13. J. Jiang, G. Oberdoerster, A. Elder, R. Gelein, P. Mercer, P. Biswas, Does nanoparticle
activity depend upon size and crystal phase? Nanotoxicology 2(1), 33–42 (2008)
14. S. Zhang, J. Li, G. Lykotrafitis, G. Bao, S. Suresh, Size-dependent endocytosis of
nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 21(4), 419–424 (2009)
15. Q. He, Z. Zhang, F. Gao, Y. Li, J. Shi, In vivo biodistribution and urinary excretion of
mesoporous silica nanoparticles: effects of particle size and PEGylation. Small 7(2), 271–280
(2011)
16. H.S. Choi, W. Liu, P. Misra, E. Tanaka, J.P. Zimmer, B. Itty Ipe et al., Renal clearance of
quantum dots. Nat. Biotech. 25(10), 1165–1170 (2007)
17. H. Hong, Y. Zhang, J. Sun, W. Cai, Molecular imaging and therapy of cancer with
radiolabeled nanoparticles. Nano Today 4(5), 399–413 (2009)
18. S. Goel, F. Chen, E.B. Ehlerding, W. Cai, Intrinsically radiolabeled nanoparticles: an
emerging paradigm. Small 10(19), 3825–3830 (2014)
19. X. Sun, W. Cai, X. Chen, Positron emission tomography imaging using radiolabeled
inorganic nanomaterials. Acc. Chem. Res. 48(2), 286–294 (2015)
20. S. Goel, C.G. England, F. Chen, W. Cai, Positron emission tomography and nanotechnology:
a dynamic duo for cancer theranostics. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 113, 157–176 (2017)
21. H. Hong, F. Chen, W. Cai, Pharmacokinetic issues of imaging with nanoparticles: focusing on
carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. Mol. Imaging Biol. 15(5), 507–520 (2013)
22. A. Albanese, P.S. Tang, W.C. Chan, The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface
chemistry on biological systems. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 14, 1–16 (2012)
23. D. Ling, N. Lee, T. Hyeon, Chemical synthesis and assembly of uniformly sized iron oxide
nanoparticles for medical applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 48(5), 1276–1285 (2015)
24. S.H. Lacerda, J.J. Park, C. Meuse, D. Pristinski, M.L. Becker, A. Karim et al., Interaction of
gold nanoparticles with common human blood proteins. ACS Nano. 4(1), 365–379 (2010)
25. H.S. Choi, S.L. Gibbs, J.H. Lee, S.H. Kim, Y. Ashitate, F. Liu et al., Targeted zwitterionic
near-infrared fluorophores for improved optical imaging. Nat. Biotechnol. 31(2), 148–153
(2013)
26. E.B. Ehlerding, F. Chen, W. Cai, Biodegradable and renal clearable inorganic nanoparticles.
Adv. Sci. (Weinh). 3(2), 1500223–1500231 (2016)
27. M. Yu, J. Zheng, Clearance pathways and tumor targeting of imaging nanoparticles. ACS
Nano. 9(7), 6655–6674 (2015)
28. http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/SCOGS/ucm261095.htm
29. X. Ma, Y. Zhao, X.-J. Liang, Theranostic nanoparticles engineered for clinic and
pharmaceutics. Acc. Chem. Res. 44(10), 1114–1122 (2011)
30. D. Tarn, C.E. Ashley, M. Xue, E.C. Carnes, J.I. Zink, C.J. Brinker, Mesoporous silica
nanoparticle nanocarriers: biofunctionality and biocompatibility. Acc. Chem. Res. 46(3),
792–801 (2013)
31. K. Wang, X. He, X. Yang, H. Shi, Functionalized silica nanoparticles: a platform for
fluorescence imaging at the cell and small animal levels. Acc. Chem. Res. 46(7), 1367–1376
(2013)
32. S. Shi, F. Chen, W. Cai, Biomedical applications of functionalized hollow mesoporous silica
nanoparticles: focusing on molecular imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 8(12), 2027–2039
(2013)
33. E. Phillips, O. Penate-Medina, P.B. Zanzonico, R.D. Carvajal, P. Mohan, Y. Ye et al., Clinical
translation of an ultrasmall inorganic optical-PET imaging nanoparticle probe. Sci. Transl.
Med. 6(260), 260ra149 (2014)
17 Size-, Shape- and Charge-Dependent Pharmacokinetics …
325