6. H.C. Christianson, K.J. Svensson, T.H. van Kuppevelt, J.-P. Li, M. Belting, Cancer cell
exosomes depend on cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for their internalization and
functional activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 110(43), 17380–17385 (2013)
7. T. Tian, Y.L. Zhu, F.H. Hu, Y.Y. Wang, N.P. Huang, Z.D. Xiao, Dynamics of exosome
internalization and trafficking. J. Cell. Physiol. 228(7), 1487–1495 (2013)
8. H. De La Peña, J. Madrigal, S. Rusakiewicz, M. Bencsik, G.W. Cave, A. Selman et al.,
Artificial exosomes as tools for basic and clinical immunology. J. Immunol. Methods 344(2),
121–132 (2009)
9. L. Hu, S.A. Wickline, J.L. Hood, Magnetic resonance imaging of melanoma exosomes in
lymph nodes. Magn. Reson. Med. 74(1), 266–271 (2015)
10. T. Smyth, M. Kullberg, N. Malik, P. Smith-Jones, M.W. Graner, T.J. Anchordoquy,
Biodistribution and delivery efficiency of unmodified tumor-derived exosomes. J. Control
Release. 199, 145–155 (2015)
11. H. Choi, S.C. Jang, M.Y. Yoo, J.Y. Park, N.E. Choi, H.J. Oh et al., Noninvasive imaging of
radiolabeled exosome-mimetic nanovesicle using
99m Tc-HMPAO. Sci. Rep. 5, 15636 (2015)
12. M. Morishita, Y. Takahashi, M. Nishikawa, K. Sano, K. Kato, T. Yamashita et al.,
Quantitative analysis of tissue distribution of the B16BL6-derived exosomes using a
streptavidin–lactadherin fusion protein and iodine-125-labeled biotin derivative after intravenous injection in mice. J. Pharm. Sci. 104(2), 705–713 (2015)
13. Z. Varga, I. Gyurkó, K. Pálóczi, E.I. Buzás, I. Horváth, N. Hegedűs et al., Radiolabeling of
extracellular vesicles with
99m Tc for quantitative in vivo imaging studies. Cancer Biother.
Radiopharm. 31(5), 168–173 (2016)
14. O.G. De Jong, B.W. Van Balkom, R.M. Schiffelers, C.V. Bouten, M.C. Verhaar, Extracellular
vesicles: potential roles in regenerative medicine. Front. Immunol. 5, 608 (2014)
15. H. Xin, Y. Li, Z. Liu, X. Wang, X. Shang, Y. Cui et al., MiR-133b promotes neural plasticity
and functional recovery after treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells
in rats via transfer of exosome-enriched extracellular particles. Stem Cells 31(12), 2737–2746
(2013)
16. M.A. Lopez-Verrilli, F. Picou, F.A. Court, Schwann cell-derived exosomes enhance axonal
regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Glia 61(11), 1795–1806 (2013)
17. A.D. Pusic, K.M. Pusic, B.L. Clayton, R.P. Kraig, IFNc-stimulated dendritic cell exosomes as
a potential therapeutic for remyelination. J. Neuroimmunol. 266(1), 12–23 (2014)
18. K. Yuyama, H. Sun, S. Sakai, S. Mitsutake, M. Okada, H. Tahara et al., Decreased amyloid-b
pathologies by intracerebral loading of glycosphingolipid-enriched exosomes in Alzheimer
model mice. J. Biol. Chem. 289(35), 24488–24498 (2014)
19. R.C. Lai, F. Arslan, M.M. Lee, N.S.K. Sze, A. Choo, T.S. Chen et al., Exosome secreted by
MSC reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res. 4(3), 214–222 (2010)
20. F. Arslan, R.C. Lai, M.B. Smeets, L. Akeroyd, A. Choo, E.N. Aguor et al., Mesenchymal
stem cell-derived exosomes increase ATP levels, decrease oxidative stress and activate PI3K/
Akt pathway to enhance myocardial viability and prevent adverse remodeling after
myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res. 10(3), 301–312 (2013)
21. R.C. Lai, R.W.Y. Yeo, K.H. Tan, S.K. Lim, Mesenchymal stem cell exosome ameliorates
reperfusion injury through proteomic complementation. Regen. Med. 8(2), 197–209 (2013)
22. L. Chen, Y. Wang, Y. Pan, L. Zhang, C. Shen, G. Qin et al., Cardiac progenitor-derived
exosomes protect ischemic myocardium from acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun. 431(3), 566–571 (2013)
23. L. Barile, V. Lionetti, E. Cervio, M. Matteucci, M. Gherghiceanu, L.M. Popescu et al.,
Extracellular vesicles from human cardiac progenitor cells inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis
and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc. Res. 103(4), 530–541
(2014)
24. J.M. Vicencio, D.M. Yellon, V. Sivaraman, D. Das, C. Boi-Doku, S. Arjun et al., Plasma
exosomes protect the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 65
(15), 1525–1536 (2015)
9 Endogenous Radionanomedicine: Validation of Therapeutic Potential
179
exosomes depend on cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for their internalization and
functional activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 110(43), 17380–17385 (2013)
7. T. Tian, Y.L. Zhu, F.H. Hu, Y.Y. Wang, N.P. Huang, Z.D. Xiao, Dynamics of exosome
internalization and trafficking. J. Cell. Physiol. 228(7), 1487–1495 (2013)
8. H. De La Peña, J. Madrigal, S. Rusakiewicz, M. Bencsik, G.W. Cave, A. Selman et al.,
Artificial exosomes as tools for basic and clinical immunology. J. Immunol. Methods 344(2),
121–132 (2009)
9. L. Hu, S.A. Wickline, J.L. Hood, Magnetic resonance imaging of melanoma exosomes in
lymph nodes. Magn. Reson. Med. 74(1), 266–271 (2015)
10. T. Smyth, M. Kullberg, N. Malik, P. Smith-Jones, M.W. Graner, T.J. Anchordoquy,
Biodistribution and delivery efficiency of unmodified tumor-derived exosomes. J. Control
Release. 199, 145–155 (2015)
11. H. Choi, S.C. Jang, M.Y. Yoo, J.Y. Park, N.E. Choi, H.J. Oh et al., Noninvasive imaging of
radiolabeled exosome-mimetic nanovesicle using
99m Tc-HMPAO. Sci. Rep. 5, 15636 (2015)
12. M. Morishita, Y. Takahashi, M. Nishikawa, K. Sano, K. Kato, T. Yamashita et al.,
Quantitative analysis of tissue distribution of the B16BL6-derived exosomes using a
streptavidin–lactadherin fusion protein and iodine-125-labeled biotin derivative after intravenous injection in mice. J. Pharm. Sci. 104(2), 705–713 (2015)
13. Z. Varga, I. Gyurkó, K. Pálóczi, E.I. Buzás, I. Horváth, N. Hegedűs et al., Radiolabeling of
extracellular vesicles with
99m Tc for quantitative in vivo imaging studies. Cancer Biother.
Radiopharm. 31(5), 168–173 (2016)
14. O.G. De Jong, B.W. Van Balkom, R.M. Schiffelers, C.V. Bouten, M.C. Verhaar, Extracellular
vesicles: potential roles in regenerative medicine. Front. Immunol. 5, 608 (2014)
15. H. Xin, Y. Li, Z. Liu, X. Wang, X. Shang, Y. Cui et al., MiR-133b promotes neural plasticity
and functional recovery after treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells
in rats via transfer of exosome-enriched extracellular particles. Stem Cells 31(12), 2737–2746
(2013)
16. M.A. Lopez-Verrilli, F. Picou, F.A. Court, Schwann cell-derived exosomes enhance axonal
regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Glia 61(11), 1795–1806 (2013)
17. A.D. Pusic, K.M. Pusic, B.L. Clayton, R.P. Kraig, IFNc-stimulated dendritic cell exosomes as
a potential therapeutic for remyelination. J. Neuroimmunol. 266(1), 12–23 (2014)
18. K. Yuyama, H. Sun, S. Sakai, S. Mitsutake, M. Okada, H. Tahara et al., Decreased amyloid-b
pathologies by intracerebral loading of glycosphingolipid-enriched exosomes in Alzheimer
model mice. J. Biol. Chem. 289(35), 24488–24498 (2014)
19. R.C. Lai, F. Arslan, M.M. Lee, N.S.K. Sze, A. Choo, T.S. Chen et al., Exosome secreted by
MSC reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res. 4(3), 214–222 (2010)
20. F. Arslan, R.C. Lai, M.B. Smeets, L. Akeroyd, A. Choo, E.N. Aguor et al., Mesenchymal
stem cell-derived exosomes increase ATP levels, decrease oxidative stress and activate PI3K/
Akt pathway to enhance myocardial viability and prevent adverse remodeling after
myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res. 10(3), 301–312 (2013)
21. R.C. Lai, R.W.Y. Yeo, K.H. Tan, S.K. Lim, Mesenchymal stem cell exosome ameliorates
reperfusion injury through proteomic complementation. Regen. Med. 8(2), 197–209 (2013)
22. L. Chen, Y. Wang, Y. Pan, L. Zhang, C. Shen, G. Qin et al., Cardiac progenitor-derived
exosomes protect ischemic myocardium from acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun. 431(3), 566–571 (2013)
23. L. Barile, V. Lionetti, E. Cervio, M. Matteucci, M. Gherghiceanu, L.M. Popescu et al.,
Extracellular vesicles from human cardiac progenitor cells inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis
and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc. Res. 103(4), 530–541
(2014)
24. J.M. Vicencio, D.M. Yellon, V. Sivaraman, D. Das, C. Boi-Doku, S. Arjun et al., Plasma
exosomes protect the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 65
(15), 1525–1536 (2015)
9 Endogenous Radionanomedicine: Validation of Therapeutic Potential
179