accumulated in the abdomen and migrated distally (Fig. 5.3). When
99m
Tc-HSA
was injected in a tumor bearing mouse, radioactivity accumulated slowly in the
tumor. It has not yet been elucidated why albumin accumulates in the tumor. Some
mechanism other than the EPR effect is suggested. GP60, a 60 kDa glycoprotein,
which is expressed on the plasma membrane of endothelial cells binds albumin and
enhances penetration of Abraxane
® by endothelial transcytosis [31]. A secreted
protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is highly expressed in malignant cells
and secreted into interstitial space. Since albumin has an affinity to SPARC,
SPARC may play a role in albumin accumulation in the tumor [32].
99m Tc micro-aggregated HSA has been used for bone marrow scan, since
<80 nm sized particles preferentially are taken up by macrophages in the bone
marrow, while bigger sized particles (200–400 nm) tend to accumulated more in the
Kupffer cell of liver [33]. Bone marrow scan help to diagnosis of bony metastasis or
osteomyelitis revealing defects in bone marrow which are replaced by tumors or
leukocytes. Recently
99m
Tc HSA nanocolloids are more frequently used for sentinel
lymph node (SLN) detection. Mapping lymph nodes on tumor drainage pathway
Fig. 5.2 The crystal structure of human albumin depicts multiple binding sites of hormones,
drugs, and metals. Reprinted from [28] with permission
112
K. W. Kang and M. G. Song
99m
Tc-HSA
was injected in a tumor bearing mouse, radioactivity accumulated slowly in the
tumor. It has not yet been elucidated why albumin accumulates in the tumor. Some
mechanism other than the EPR effect is suggested. GP60, a 60 kDa glycoprotein,
which is expressed on the plasma membrane of endothelial cells binds albumin and
enhances penetration of Abraxane
® by endothelial transcytosis [31]. A secreted
protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is highly expressed in malignant cells
and secreted into interstitial space. Since albumin has an affinity to SPARC,
SPARC may play a role in albumin accumulation in the tumor [32].
99m Tc micro-aggregated HSA has been used for bone marrow scan, since
<80 nm sized particles preferentially are taken up by macrophages in the bone
marrow, while bigger sized particles (200–400 nm) tend to accumulated more in the
Kupffer cell of liver [33]. Bone marrow scan help to diagnosis of bony metastasis or
osteomyelitis revealing defects in bone marrow which are replaced by tumors or
leukocytes. Recently
99m
Tc HSA nanocolloids are more frequently used for sentinel
lymph node (SLN) detection. Mapping lymph nodes on tumor drainage pathway
Fig. 5.2 The crystal structure of human albumin depicts multiple binding sites of hormones,
drugs, and metals. Reprinted from [28] with permission
112
K. W. Kang and M. G. Song