47. G.P. Kotchey, S.A. Hasan, A.A. Kapralov, S.H. Ha, K. Kim, A.A. Shvedova et al., A natural
vanishing act: the enzyme-catalyzed degradation of carbon nanomaterials. Acc. Chem. Res.
45(10), 1770–1781 (2012)
48. G.P. Kotchey, B.L. Allen, H. Vedala, N. Yanamala, A.A. Kapralov, Y.Y. Tyurina et al., The
enzymatic oxidation of graphene oxide. ACS Nano. 5(3), 2098–2108 (2011)
49. J.T. Robinson, S.M. Tabakman, Y. Liang, H. Wang, H.S. Casalongue, D. Vinh et al.,
Ultrasmall reduced graphene oxide with high near-infrared absorbance for photothermal
therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(17), 6825–6831 (2011)
50. B. Tian, C. Wang, S. Zhang, L. Feng, Z. Liu, Photothermally enhanced photodynamic
therapy delivered by nano-graphene oxide. ACS Nano. 5(9), 7000–7009 (2011)
51. C. Jang, J.H. Lee, A. Sahu, G. Tae, The synergistic effect of folate and RGD dual ligand of
nanographene oxide on tumor targeting and photothermal therapy in vivo. Nanoscale 7(44),
18584–18594 (2015)
52. L. Zhou, L. Zhou, S. Wei, X. Ge, J. Zhou, H. Jiang et al., Combination of chemotherapy and
photodynamic therapy using graphene oxide as drug delivery system. J. Photochem.
Photobiol. B 135, 7–16 (2014)
53. H. Kim, W.J. Kim, Photothermally controlled gene delivery by reduced graphene
oxide-polyethylenimine nanocomposite. Small 10(1), 117–126 (2014)
54. P. Matteini, F. Tatini, L. Cavigli, S. Ottaviano, G. Ghini, R. Pini, Graphene as a
photothermal switch for controlled drug release. Nanoscale 6(14), 7947 (2014)
55. V. Shanmugam, S. Selvakumar, C.-S. Yeh, Near-infrared light-responsive nanomaterials in
cancer therapeutics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43(17), 6254 (2014)
56. W.C. Lee, C.H.Y.X. Lim, H. Shi, L.A.L. Tang, Y. Wang, C.T. Lim et al., Origin of
enhanced stem cell growth and differentiation on graphene and graphene oxide. ACS Nano.
5(9), 7334–7341 (2011)
57. S.Y. Park, J. Park, S.H. Sim, M.G. Sung, K.S. Kim, B.H. Hong et al., Enhanced
differentiation of human neural stem cells into neurons on graphene. Adv. Mater. 23(36),
H263–H267 (2011)
58. C.H. Lu, H.H. Yang, C.L. Zhu, X. Chen, G.N. Chen, A graphene platform for sensing
biomolecules. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48(26), 4785–4787 (2009)
59. X. Li, S. Zhu, B. Xu, K. Ma, J. Zhang, B. Yang et al., Self-assembled graphene quantum
dots induced by cytochrome c: a novel biosensor for trypsin with remarkable fluorescence
enhancement. Nanoscale 5(17), 7776–7779 (2013)
60. S.J. Jeon, S.Y. Kwak, D. Yim, J.M. Ju, J.H. Kim, Chemically-modulated photoluminescence
of graphene oxide for selective detection of neurotransmitter by “turn-on” response. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 136(31), 10842–10845 (2014)
61. Y. Wang, J.T. Chen, X.P. Yan, Fabrication of transferrin functionalized gold nanoclusters/
graphene oxide nanocomposite for turn-on near-infrared fluorescent bioimaging of cancer
cells and small animals. Anal. Chem. 85(4), 2529–2535 (2013)
62. J.J. Liu, X.L. Zhang, Z.X. Cong, Z.T. Chen, H.H. Yang, G.N. Chen,
Glutathione-functionalized graphene quantum dots as selective fluorescent probes for
phosphate-containing metabolites. Nanoscale 5(5), 1810–1815 (2013)
63. Q. Mei, C. Jiang, G. Guan, K. Zhang, B. Liu, R. Liu et al., Fluorescent graphene oxide logic
gates for discrimination of iron (3+) and iron (2+) in living cells by imaging. Chem.
Commun. 48(60), 7468–7470 (2012)
64. A.A. Nahain, J.E. Lee, I. In, H. Lee, K.D. Lee, J.H. Jeong et al., Target delivery and cell
imaging using hyaluronic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots. Mol. Pharm. 10(10),
3736–3744 (2013)
65. J. Ge, M. Lan, B. Zhou, W. Liu, L. Guo, H. Wang et al., A graphene quantum dot
photodynamic therapy agent with high singlet oxygen generation. Nat. Commun. 5, 4596
(2014)
66. X.T. Zheng, A. Than, A. Ananthanaraya, D.H. Kim, P. Chen, Graphene quantum dots as
universal fluorophores and their use in revealing regulated trafficking of insulin receptors in
adipocytes. ACS Nano. 7(7), 6278–6286 (2013)
4 Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
101
vanishing act: the enzyme-catalyzed degradation of carbon nanomaterials. Acc. Chem. Res.
45(10), 1770–1781 (2012)
48. G.P. Kotchey, B.L. Allen, H. Vedala, N. Yanamala, A.A. Kapralov, Y.Y. Tyurina et al., The
enzymatic oxidation of graphene oxide. ACS Nano. 5(3), 2098–2108 (2011)
49. J.T. Robinson, S.M. Tabakman, Y. Liang, H. Wang, H.S. Casalongue, D. Vinh et al.,
Ultrasmall reduced graphene oxide with high near-infrared absorbance for photothermal
therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(17), 6825–6831 (2011)
50. B. Tian, C. Wang, S. Zhang, L. Feng, Z. Liu, Photothermally enhanced photodynamic
therapy delivered by nano-graphene oxide. ACS Nano. 5(9), 7000–7009 (2011)
51. C. Jang, J.H. Lee, A. Sahu, G. Tae, The synergistic effect of folate and RGD dual ligand of
nanographene oxide on tumor targeting and photothermal therapy in vivo. Nanoscale 7(44),
18584–18594 (2015)
52. L. Zhou, L. Zhou, S. Wei, X. Ge, J. Zhou, H. Jiang et al., Combination of chemotherapy and
photodynamic therapy using graphene oxide as drug delivery system. J. Photochem.
Photobiol. B 135, 7–16 (2014)
53. H. Kim, W.J. Kim, Photothermally controlled gene delivery by reduced graphene
oxide-polyethylenimine nanocomposite. Small 10(1), 117–126 (2014)
54. P. Matteini, F. Tatini, L. Cavigli, S. Ottaviano, G. Ghini, R. Pini, Graphene as a
photothermal switch for controlled drug release. Nanoscale 6(14), 7947 (2014)
55. V. Shanmugam, S. Selvakumar, C.-S. Yeh, Near-infrared light-responsive nanomaterials in
cancer therapeutics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43(17), 6254 (2014)
56. W.C. Lee, C.H.Y.X. Lim, H. Shi, L.A.L. Tang, Y. Wang, C.T. Lim et al., Origin of
enhanced stem cell growth and differentiation on graphene and graphene oxide. ACS Nano.
5(9), 7334–7341 (2011)
57. S.Y. Park, J. Park, S.H. Sim, M.G. Sung, K.S. Kim, B.H. Hong et al., Enhanced
differentiation of human neural stem cells into neurons on graphene. Adv. Mater. 23(36),
H263–H267 (2011)
58. C.H. Lu, H.H. Yang, C.L. Zhu, X. Chen, G.N. Chen, A graphene platform for sensing
biomolecules. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48(26), 4785–4787 (2009)
59. X. Li, S. Zhu, B. Xu, K. Ma, J. Zhang, B. Yang et al., Self-assembled graphene quantum
dots induced by cytochrome c: a novel biosensor for trypsin with remarkable fluorescence
enhancement. Nanoscale 5(17), 7776–7779 (2013)
60. S.J. Jeon, S.Y. Kwak, D. Yim, J.M. Ju, J.H. Kim, Chemically-modulated photoluminescence
of graphene oxide for selective detection of neurotransmitter by “turn-on” response. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 136(31), 10842–10845 (2014)
61. Y. Wang, J.T. Chen, X.P. Yan, Fabrication of transferrin functionalized gold nanoclusters/
graphene oxide nanocomposite for turn-on near-infrared fluorescent bioimaging of cancer
cells and small animals. Anal. Chem. 85(4), 2529–2535 (2013)
62. J.J. Liu, X.L. Zhang, Z.X. Cong, Z.T. Chen, H.H. Yang, G.N. Chen,
Glutathione-functionalized graphene quantum dots as selective fluorescent probes for
phosphate-containing metabolites. Nanoscale 5(5), 1810–1815 (2013)
63. Q. Mei, C. Jiang, G. Guan, K. Zhang, B. Liu, R. Liu et al., Fluorescent graphene oxide logic
gates for discrimination of iron (3+) and iron (2+) in living cells by imaging. Chem.
Commun. 48(60), 7468–7470 (2012)
64. A.A. Nahain, J.E. Lee, I. In, H. Lee, K.D. Lee, J.H. Jeong et al., Target delivery and cell
imaging using hyaluronic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots. Mol. Pharm. 10(10),
3736–3744 (2013)
65. J. Ge, M. Lan, B. Zhou, W. Liu, L. Guo, H. Wang et al., A graphene quantum dot
photodynamic therapy agent with high singlet oxygen generation. Nat. Commun. 5, 4596
(2014)
66. X.T. Zheng, A. Than, A. Ananthanaraya, D.H. Kim, P. Chen, Graphene quantum dots as
universal fluorophores and their use in revealing regulated trafficking of insulin receptors in
adipocytes. ACS Nano. 7(7), 6278–6286 (2013)
4 Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
101