Kocur CM, Chowdhury AI, Sakulchaicharoen N et al (2014) Characterization of nZVI mobility in a
field scale test. Environ Sci Technol 48:2862–2869. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044209
Kocur CMD, Lomheim L, Boparai HK et al (2015) Contributions of abiotic and biotic dechlorination following carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized nanoscale zero valent iron injection. Environ
Sci Technol 49:8648–8656. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00719
Kocur CMD, Lomheim L, Molenda O et al (2016) Long-term field study of microbial community
and dechlorinating activity following carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent
iron injection. Environ Sci Technol 50:7658–7670. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01745
Koenig JC, Boparai HK, Lee MJ et al (2016) Particles and enzymes: combining nanoscale zero
valent iron and organochlorine respiring bacteria for the detoxification of chloroethane mixtures.
J Hazard Mater 308:106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.12.036
Kueper BH, Wealthall GP, Smith JWN et al (2003) An illustrated handbook of DNAPL transport
and fate in the subsurface. Environment Agency, Bristol
Kueper BH, Stroo HF, Vogel CM, Ward CH (2014) Source zone remediation: the state of the
practice. In: Kueper BH, Stroo HF, Vogel CM, Ward CH (eds) Chlorinated solvent source zone
remediation. Springer, New York, NY, pp 1–27
Kumar N, Auffan M, Gattacceca J et al (2014a) Molecular insights of oxidation process of iron
nanoparticles: spectroscopic, magnetic, and microscopic evidence. Environ Sci Technol
48:13888–13894. https://doi.org/10.1021/es503154q
Kumar N, Omoregie EO, Rose J et al (2014b) Inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria in aquifer
sediment by iron nanoparticles. Water Res 51:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.
042
Kumar N, Labille J, Bossa N et al (2017) Enhanced transportability of zero valent iron nanoparticles
in aquifer sediments: surface modifications, reactivity, and particle traveling distances. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 24:9269–9277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8597-1
Kumar N, Lezama Pacheco J, Noël V et al (2018) Sulfidation mechanisms of Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)
oxide nanoparticles: a spectroscopic study. Environ Sci Nano 5(4):1012–1026. https://doi.org/
10.1039/C7EN01109A
Kutílek M, Nielsen DR (1994) Soil hydrology. Catena Verlag, Cremlingen Destedt
Lasaga AC (1981) Transition state theory. Rev Mineral Geochem 8:135–168
Laumann S, Mici V, Lowry GV, Hofmann T (2013) Carbonate minerals in porous media decrease
mobility of polyacrylic acid modified zero-valent iron nanoparticles used for groundwater
remediation. Environ Pollut 179:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.004
Lee W (2004) Removal of trichloroethylene in reduced soil columns. J Hazard Mater 113:175–180.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.06.027
Lee C (2015) Oxidation of organic contaminants in water by iron-induced oxygen activation: a
short review. Environ Eng Res 20:205–211. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2015.051
Lee W, Batchelor B (2002a) Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by ironbearing soil minerals. 2. Green rust. Environ Sci Technol 36:5348–5354. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es0258374
Lee W, Batchelor B (2002b) Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by ironbearing soil minerals. 1. Pyrite and magnetite. Environ Sci Technol 36:5348–5354. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es025836b
Lee C, Sedlak DL (2008) Enhanced formation of oxidants from bimetallic nickelÀiron
nanoparticles in the presence of oxygen. Environ Sci Technol 42:8528–8533. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es801947h
Lee C, Kim JY, Il LW et al (2008) Bactericidal effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on
Escherichia coli. Environ Sci Technol 42:4927–4933. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800408u
Lee HH, Lee HH, Kim H-E et al (2014) Oxidant production from corrosion of nano- and
microparticulate zero-valent iron in the presence of oxygen: a comparative study. J Hazard
Mater 265:201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.11.066
Leeson A, Johnson P, Bruce C, et al (2002) Design paradigm: air sparging technology transfer and
multi-site evaluation. Alexandria, VA
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
383
field scale test. Environ Sci Technol 48:2862–2869. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4044209
Kocur CMD, Lomheim L, Boparai HK et al (2015) Contributions of abiotic and biotic dechlorination following carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized nanoscale zero valent iron injection. Environ
Sci Technol 49:8648–8656. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00719
Kocur CMD, Lomheim L, Molenda O et al (2016) Long-term field study of microbial community
and dechlorinating activity following carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent
iron injection. Environ Sci Technol 50:7658–7670. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01745
Koenig JC, Boparai HK, Lee MJ et al (2016) Particles and enzymes: combining nanoscale zero
valent iron and organochlorine respiring bacteria for the detoxification of chloroethane mixtures.
J Hazard Mater 308:106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.12.036
Kueper BH, Wealthall GP, Smith JWN et al (2003) An illustrated handbook of DNAPL transport
and fate in the subsurface. Environment Agency, Bristol
Kueper BH, Stroo HF, Vogel CM, Ward CH (2014) Source zone remediation: the state of the
practice. In: Kueper BH, Stroo HF, Vogel CM, Ward CH (eds) Chlorinated solvent source zone
remediation. Springer, New York, NY, pp 1–27
Kumar N, Auffan M, Gattacceca J et al (2014a) Molecular insights of oxidation process of iron
nanoparticles: spectroscopic, magnetic, and microscopic evidence. Environ Sci Technol
48:13888–13894. https://doi.org/10.1021/es503154q
Kumar N, Omoregie EO, Rose J et al (2014b) Inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria in aquifer
sediment by iron nanoparticles. Water Res 51:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.
042
Kumar N, Labille J, Bossa N et al (2017) Enhanced transportability of zero valent iron nanoparticles
in aquifer sediments: surface modifications, reactivity, and particle traveling distances. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 24:9269–9277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8597-1
Kumar N, Lezama Pacheco J, Noël V et al (2018) Sulfidation mechanisms of Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)
oxide nanoparticles: a spectroscopic study. Environ Sci Nano 5(4):1012–1026. https://doi.org/
10.1039/C7EN01109A
Kutílek M, Nielsen DR (1994) Soil hydrology. Catena Verlag, Cremlingen Destedt
Lasaga AC (1981) Transition state theory. Rev Mineral Geochem 8:135–168
Laumann S, Mici V, Lowry GV, Hofmann T (2013) Carbonate minerals in porous media decrease
mobility of polyacrylic acid modified zero-valent iron nanoparticles used for groundwater
remediation. Environ Pollut 179:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.004
Lee W (2004) Removal of trichloroethylene in reduced soil columns. J Hazard Mater 113:175–180.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.06.027
Lee C (2015) Oxidation of organic contaminants in water by iron-induced oxygen activation: a
short review. Environ Eng Res 20:205–211. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2015.051
Lee W, Batchelor B (2002a) Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by ironbearing soil minerals. 2. Green rust. Environ Sci Technol 36:5348–5354. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es0258374
Lee W, Batchelor B (2002b) Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by ironbearing soil minerals. 1. Pyrite and magnetite. Environ Sci Technol 36:5348–5354. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es025836b
Lee C, Sedlak DL (2008) Enhanced formation of oxidants from bimetallic nickelÀiron
nanoparticles in the presence of oxygen. Environ Sci Technol 42:8528–8533. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es801947h
Lee C, Kim JY, Il LW et al (2008) Bactericidal effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on
Escherichia coli. Environ Sci Technol 42:4927–4933. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800408u
Lee HH, Lee HH, Kim H-E et al (2014) Oxidant production from corrosion of nano- and
microparticulate zero-valent iron in the presence of oxygen: a comparative study. J Hazard
Mater 265:201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.11.066
Leeson A, Johnson P, Bruce C, et al (2002) Design paradigm: air sparging technology transfer and
multi-site evaluation. Alexandria, VA
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
383