Jawitz JW, Fure AD, Demmy GG, Berglund S, Rao PSC (2005) Groundwater contaminant flux
reduction resulting from non aqueous phase liquid mass reduction. Water Resour Res 41(10)
Jousse F, Atteia O, Höhener P, Cohen G (2017) Removal of NAPL from columns by oxidation,
sparging, surfactant and thermal treatment. Chemosphere 188:182–189
Kawala Z, Atamańczuk T (1998) Microwave-enhanced thermal decontamination of soil. Environ
Sci Technol 32:2602–2607
Kuppusamy S, Tavamani P, Megaraj M (2016) In-situ remediation approaches for the management
of contaminated sites: a comprehensive overview. In: Reviews of environmental toxicology, vol
236. Springer, Cham, p 50
Lagadec AJM, Miller DJ, Lilke AV, Hawthorne SB (2000) Pilot-scale subcritical water remediation
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- and pesticide-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Technol
34:1542–1548
Lemaire J, Laurent F, Leyval C, Schwartz C, Buès M, Simonnot M-O (2013) PAH oxidation in
aged and spiked soils investigated by column experiments. Chemosphere 91:406–414. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.003
Liu C, Ball WP (2002) Back diffusion of chlorinated solvent contaminants from a natural aquitard
to a remediated aquifer under well-controlled field conditions: predictions and measurements.
Ground Water 40:175–184
Londergan JT, Meinardus HW, Mariner PE, Jackson RE, Brown CL, Dwarakanath V, Pope GA,
Ginn JS, Taffinder S (2001) DNAPL removal from a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer by
surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation. Ground Water Monit Remediat 21:57–67
MacKinnon LK, Thomson NR (2002) Laboratory-scale in situ chemical oxidation of a perchloroethylene pool using permanganate. J Contam Hydrol 56(1–2):49–74
McCray JE, Tick GR, Jawitz JW, Gierke JS, Brusseau ML, Falta RW, Knox RC, Sabatini DA,
Annable MD, Harwell JH, Wood AL (2011) Remediation of NAPL source zones: lessons
learned from field studies at Hill and Dover AFB. Ground Water 49(5):727–744
McGuire TM, McDade JM, Newell CJ (2006) Performance of DNAPL source depletion technologies at 59 chlorinated solvent-impacted sites. Ground Water Monit Remediat 26:73–84
Nambi IM, Powers SE (2000) NAPL dissolution in heterogeneous systems: an experimental
investigation in a simple heterogeneous system. J Contam Hydrol 44(2):161–184
Oostrom M, Hofstee C, Walker RC, Dane JH (1999) Movement and remediation of trichloroethylene in a saturated , heterogeneous porous medium 2. Pump-and-treat and surfactant flushing. J
Contam Hydrol 37:179–197
Page JWE, Soga K, Illangasekare T (2007) The significance of heterogeneity on mass flux from
DNAPL source zones: an experimental investigation. J Contam Hydrol 94:215–234
Pennell KD, Abriola LM, Weber WJ (1993) Surfactant-enhanced solubilization of residual
dodecane in soil columns. 1. Experimental investigation. Environ Sci Technol 27:2332–2340
Pennell KD, Jin M, Abriola LM, Pope GA (1994) Surfactant enhanced remediation of soil columns
contaminated by residual tetrachloroethylene. J Contam Hydrol 16:35–53
Powers SE, Abriola LM, Dunkin JS, Weber WJ (1994) Phenomenological models for transient
NAPL-water mass-transfer processes. J Contam Hydrol 16:1–33
Ramsburg CA, Pennell KD, Abriola LM, Daniels G, Drummond CD, Gamache M, Hsu H,
Petrovskis EA, Rathfelder KM, Ryder JL, Yavaraski TP (2005) Pilot-scale demonstration of
surfactant-enhanced {PCE} solubilization at the Bachman road site. 2. System operation and
evaluation. Environ Sci Technol 39:1791–1801
Ravikumar JX, Gurol MD (1994) Chemical oxidation of chlorinated organics by hydrogenperoxide in the presence of sand. Environ Sci Technol 28:394–400
Reddy KR, Adams JA (2001) Effect of soil heterogeneity on airflow patterns and hydrocarbon
removal during in situ air sparging. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 127:234–247
Reddy K, Kosgi S, Zhou J (1995) A review of in-situ air sparging for the remediation of
VOC-contaminated saturated soils and groundwater. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 12:97–118
Rivett MO, Feenstra S (2005) Dissolution of an emplaced source of DNAPL in a natural aquifer
setting. Environ Sci Technol 39(2):447–455
4 Comparing the Efficiency of Oxidation, Sparging, Surfactant Flushing, and. . .
237
reduction resulting from non aqueous phase liquid mass reduction. Water Resour Res 41(10)
Jousse F, Atteia O, Höhener P, Cohen G (2017) Removal of NAPL from columns by oxidation,
sparging, surfactant and thermal treatment. Chemosphere 188:182–189
Kawala Z, Atamańczuk T (1998) Microwave-enhanced thermal decontamination of soil. Environ
Sci Technol 32:2602–2607
Kuppusamy S, Tavamani P, Megaraj M (2016) In-situ remediation approaches for the management
of contaminated sites: a comprehensive overview. In: Reviews of environmental toxicology, vol
236. Springer, Cham, p 50
Lagadec AJM, Miller DJ, Lilke AV, Hawthorne SB (2000) Pilot-scale subcritical water remediation
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- and pesticide-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Technol
34:1542–1548
Lemaire J, Laurent F, Leyval C, Schwartz C, Buès M, Simonnot M-O (2013) PAH oxidation in
aged and spiked soils investigated by column experiments. Chemosphere 91:406–414. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.003
Liu C, Ball WP (2002) Back diffusion of chlorinated solvent contaminants from a natural aquitard
to a remediated aquifer under well-controlled field conditions: predictions and measurements.
Ground Water 40:175–184
Londergan JT, Meinardus HW, Mariner PE, Jackson RE, Brown CL, Dwarakanath V, Pope GA,
Ginn JS, Taffinder S (2001) DNAPL removal from a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer by
surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation. Ground Water Monit Remediat 21:57–67
MacKinnon LK, Thomson NR (2002) Laboratory-scale in situ chemical oxidation of a perchloroethylene pool using permanganate. J Contam Hydrol 56(1–2):49–74
McCray JE, Tick GR, Jawitz JW, Gierke JS, Brusseau ML, Falta RW, Knox RC, Sabatini DA,
Annable MD, Harwell JH, Wood AL (2011) Remediation of NAPL source zones: lessons
learned from field studies at Hill and Dover AFB. Ground Water 49(5):727–744
McGuire TM, McDade JM, Newell CJ (2006) Performance of DNAPL source depletion technologies at 59 chlorinated solvent-impacted sites. Ground Water Monit Remediat 26:73–84
Nambi IM, Powers SE (2000) NAPL dissolution in heterogeneous systems: an experimental
investigation in a simple heterogeneous system. J Contam Hydrol 44(2):161–184
Oostrom M, Hofstee C, Walker RC, Dane JH (1999) Movement and remediation of trichloroethylene in a saturated , heterogeneous porous medium 2. Pump-and-treat and surfactant flushing. J
Contam Hydrol 37:179–197
Page JWE, Soga K, Illangasekare T (2007) The significance of heterogeneity on mass flux from
DNAPL source zones: an experimental investigation. J Contam Hydrol 94:215–234
Pennell KD, Abriola LM, Weber WJ (1993) Surfactant-enhanced solubilization of residual
dodecane in soil columns. 1. Experimental investigation. Environ Sci Technol 27:2332–2340
Pennell KD, Jin M, Abriola LM, Pope GA (1994) Surfactant enhanced remediation of soil columns
contaminated by residual tetrachloroethylene. J Contam Hydrol 16:35–53
Powers SE, Abriola LM, Dunkin JS, Weber WJ (1994) Phenomenological models for transient
NAPL-water mass-transfer processes. J Contam Hydrol 16:1–33
Ramsburg CA, Pennell KD, Abriola LM, Daniels G, Drummond CD, Gamache M, Hsu H,
Petrovskis EA, Rathfelder KM, Ryder JL, Yavaraski TP (2005) Pilot-scale demonstration of
surfactant-enhanced {PCE} solubilization at the Bachman road site. 2. System operation and
evaluation. Environ Sci Technol 39:1791–1801
Ravikumar JX, Gurol MD (1994) Chemical oxidation of chlorinated organics by hydrogenperoxide in the presence of sand. Environ Sci Technol 28:394–400
Reddy KR, Adams JA (2001) Effect of soil heterogeneity on airflow patterns and hydrocarbon
removal during in situ air sparging. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 127:234–247
Reddy K, Kosgi S, Zhou J (1995) A review of in-situ air sparging for the remediation of
VOC-contaminated saturated soils and groundwater. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 12:97–118
Rivett MO, Feenstra S (2005) Dissolution of an emplaced source of DNAPL in a natural aquifer
setting. Environ Sci Technol 39(2):447–455
4 Comparing the Efficiency of Oxidation, Sparging, Surfactant Flushing, and. . .
237