Table 3.1 (continued)
Impact mechanism Food security outcome
B7. Other
Other mechanism linking industrial crop production to access to
food
"
or
#
Pillar C: Food utilization
C1. Time diversion Female engagement in industrial crop activities (e.g. plantation
employment, smallholder production) diverts their time from child
care, nutrition and unpaid care work, taking a toll on food preparation and especially child nutrition
#
C2. Energy security Engagement in industrial crop production value chains can affect
household energy choices and the adoption of clean and improved
energy options through multiple pathways, improving food preparation practices
"
C3. Other
Other mechanism linking industrial crop production to food
utilization
"
or
#
Pillar D: Food stability
D1. Natural
disasters
Engagement in industrial crop activities acts as a buffer against food
security risks posted by natural disasters, especially by offering a
stable source of livelihoods that can help households cope during
such events
#
D2. Market
stability
Industrial crops increases risks of food price fluctuation
(i.e. unpredictable increases and decreases) thus reducing food
stability
#
D3. Food imports
Industrial crop production and export generates foreign exchange
that can enable food import, enhancing thus the stability of food
within the country
"
D4. Food assistance Industrial crop plantations/companies can provide food assistance,
reducing incidence of seasonal hunger during periods of high food
insecurity
"
D5. Political
stability
Industrial crop production can contribute manifold to the national
economy and prosperity, catalysing political stability that can have a
stabilizing effects for multiple other mechanisms and the wider
economy
"
D6. Women
empowerment
Involvement in industrial crop value chains can increase women’s
access to land, income, and training/education opportunities,
enabling them to provide better for their families.
"
D7. Environmental
impacts
Industrial crop introduction can affect local environmental conditions through land use and cover change, soil quality degradation,
water quality degradation, and depletion of water resources depletion, among others. Collectively such effects reduce the capacity of
local agro-ecosystems to produce food in a stable manner
#
D8. Other
Other mechanism linking industrial crop production to food stability
Note: (") denotes an expected positive effect on food security, and (#) a predicted negative effect.
Source: Wiggins et al. (2015), Jarzebski et al. (2019)
88
M. P. Jarzebski et al.
Impact mechanism Food security outcome
B7. Other
Other mechanism linking industrial crop production to access to
food
"
or
#
Pillar C: Food utilization
C1. Time diversion Female engagement in industrial crop activities (e.g. plantation
employment, smallholder production) diverts their time from child
care, nutrition and unpaid care work, taking a toll on food preparation and especially child nutrition
#
C2. Energy security Engagement in industrial crop production value chains can affect
household energy choices and the adoption of clean and improved
energy options through multiple pathways, improving food preparation practices
"
C3. Other
Other mechanism linking industrial crop production to food
utilization
"
or
#
Pillar D: Food stability
D1. Natural
disasters
Engagement in industrial crop activities acts as a buffer against food
security risks posted by natural disasters, especially by offering a
stable source of livelihoods that can help households cope during
such events
#
D2. Market
stability
Industrial crops increases risks of food price fluctuation
(i.e. unpredictable increases and decreases) thus reducing food
stability
#
D3. Food imports
Industrial crop production and export generates foreign exchange
that can enable food import, enhancing thus the stability of food
within the country
"
D4. Food assistance Industrial crop plantations/companies can provide food assistance,
reducing incidence of seasonal hunger during periods of high food
insecurity
"
D5. Political
stability
Industrial crop production can contribute manifold to the national
economy and prosperity, catalysing political stability that can have a
stabilizing effects for multiple other mechanisms and the wider
economy
"
D6. Women
empowerment
Involvement in industrial crop value chains can increase women’s
access to land, income, and training/education opportunities,
enabling them to provide better for their families.
"
D7. Environmental
impacts
Industrial crop introduction can affect local environmental conditions through land use and cover change, soil quality degradation,
water quality degradation, and depletion of water resources depletion, among others. Collectively such effects reduce the capacity of
local agro-ecosystems to produce food in a stable manner
#
D8. Other
Other mechanism linking industrial crop production to food stability
Note: (") denotes an expected positive effect on food security, and (#) a predicted negative effect.
Source: Wiggins et al. (2015), Jarzebski et al. (2019)
88
M. P. Jarzebski et al.