Wiggins S., Henley G, Keats S (2015) Competitive or complementary?—Industrial crops and food
security in sub-Saharan Africa. Overseas Development Institute Report, 41pp
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the charcoal sector in Tanzania. Policy note. World Bank, Washington, DC
Wright CK, Wimberly MC (2013) Recent land use change in the Western Corn Belt threatens
grasslands and wetlands. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110(10):4134
Zulu LC (2010) The forbidden fuel: charcoal, urban woodfuel demand and supply dynamics,
community forest management and woodfuel policy in Malawi. Energy Policy 38
(7):3717–3730
Zulu LC, Richardson RB (2013) Charcoal, livelihoods, and poverty reduction: evidence from
sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Sustain Dev 17(2):127–137
Jarzebski, M. P., Ahmed, A., Boafo, Y. A., Balde, B. S., Chinangwa, L., Saito, O., ... & Gasparatos,
A. (2020) Food security impacts of industrial crop production in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the impact mechanisms. Food Security, 12(1), 105-135.
Pugesgaard, S., Schelde, K., Larsen, S. U., Lærke, P. E., & Jørgensen, U. (2015) Comparing annual
and perennial crops for bioenergy production–influence on nitrate leaching and energy balance.
GCB Bioenergy, 7(5), 1136-1149.
80
F. X. Johnson et al.
security in sub-Saharan Africa. Overseas Development Institute Report, 41pp
World Bank (2009) Environmental crisis or sustainable development opportunity?: transforming
the charcoal sector in Tanzania. Policy note. World Bank, Washington, DC
Wright CK, Wimberly MC (2013) Recent land use change in the Western Corn Belt threatens
grasslands and wetlands. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110(10):4134
Zulu LC (2010) The forbidden fuel: charcoal, urban woodfuel demand and supply dynamics,
community forest management and woodfuel policy in Malawi. Energy Policy 38
(7):3717–3730
Zulu LC, Richardson RB (2013) Charcoal, livelihoods, and poverty reduction: evidence from
sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Sustain Dev 17(2):127–137
Jarzebski, M. P., Ahmed, A., Boafo, Y. A., Balde, B. S., Chinangwa, L., Saito, O., ... & Gasparatos,
A. (2020) Food security impacts of industrial crop production in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the impact mechanisms. Food Security, 12(1), 105-135.
Pugesgaard, S., Schelde, K., Larsen, S. U., Lærke, P. E., & Jørgensen, U. (2015) Comparing annual
and perennial crops for bioenergy production–influence on nitrate leaching and energy balance.
GCB Bioenergy, 7(5), 1136-1149.
80
F. X. Johnson et al.