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Vincens A, Buchet G, Elenga H, Fournier M, Martin L, de Namur C, Schwartz D, Servant M,
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Vincens A, Schwartz D, Bertaux J, Elenga H, de Namur C (1998) Late Holocene climatic changes
in western equatorial Africa inferred from pollen from Lake Sinnda, southern Congo. Quat Res
50:34–45
Vincens A, Schwartz D, Elenga H, Reynaud-Farrera I, Alexandre A, Bertaux J, Mariotti A,
Martin L, Meunier J, Nguetsop F (1999) Forest response to climate changes in Atlantic
Equatorial Africa during the last 4000 years BP and inheritance on the modern landscapes. J
Biogeogr 26:879–885
Vincens A, Buchet G, Servant M, ECOFIT Mbalang Collaborators (2010) Vegetation response to
the “African Humid Period” termination in Central Cameroon (7 N)—new pollen insight from
Lake Mbalang. Clim Past 6:281–294
Vleminckx J, Morin-Rivat J, Biwolé AB, Daïnou K, Gillet J-F, Doucet J-L, Drouet T, Hardy OJ
(2014) Soil charcoal to assess the impacts of past human disturbances on tropical forests. PLoS
One 9:e108121
Vodouhê FG, Coulibaly O, Adégbidi A, Sinsin B (2010) Community perception of biodiversity
conservation within protected areas in Benin. Forest Policy Econ 12:505–512
Weldeab S, Schneider RR, Müller P (2007) Comparison of Mg/Ca- and alkenone-based sea surface
temperature estimates in the fresh water—influenced Gulf of Guinea, eastern equatorial Atlantic. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 8:1–10
White F (1983) The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/
AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Paris
Willis K, Gillson L, Brncic T (2004) How “virgin” is virgin rainforest? Science (Washington)
304:402–403
Willis K, Bennett K, Burrough S, Macias-Fauria M, Tovar C (2013) Determining the response of
African biota to climate change: using the past to model the future. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol
Sci 368:20120491
Wittemyer G, Elsen P, Bean WT, Burton ACO, Brashares JS (2008) Accelerated human population
growth at protected area edges. Science 321:123–126
Wotzka H-P (2006) Records of activity: radiocarbon and the structure of Iron Age settlement in
Central Africa. In: Grundlegungen. Beiträge zur europäischen und afrikanischen Archäologie
für Manfred KH Eggert. Francke, Tübingen, pp 271–289
WRI, World Resources Institute (2014) Atlas of forest and landscape restoration opportunities.
World Resources Institute, Washington, DC. www.wri.org/resources/maps/Atlas-forest-andlandscape-restoration-opportunities
Youta Happi J (1998) Arbres contre graminées: la lente invasion de la forêt par la savane au CentreCameroun. Thèse de Doctorat, Paris IV
Ziegler S, Fa JE, Wohlfart C, Streit B, Jacob S, Wegmann M (2016) Mapping bushmeat hunting
pressure in Central Africa. Biotropica 48:405–412
9 Long-Term Vegetation Change in Central Africa: The Need for an Integrated. . .
315
inconvenient reality for large-scale forest restoration? A comment on the essay by Chazdon and
Laestadius. Am J Bot 104:649–651
Verhegghen A, Mayaux P, De Wasseige C, Defourny P (2012) Mapping Congo Basin vegetation
types from 300 m and 1 km multi-sensor time series for carbon stocks and forest areas
estimation. Biogeosciences 9:5061
Vincens A, Buchet G, Elenga H, Fournier M, Martin L, de Namur C, Schwartz D, Servant M,
Wirrmann D (1994) Changement majeur de la végétation du lac Sinnda (vallée du Niari,
Sud-Congo) consécutif à l’assèchement climatique holocène supérieur: apport de la
palynologie. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 318:1521–1526
Vincens A, Schwartz D, Bertaux J, Elenga H, de Namur C (1998) Late Holocene climatic changes
in western equatorial Africa inferred from pollen from Lake Sinnda, southern Congo. Quat Res
50:34–45
Vincens A, Schwartz D, Elenga H, Reynaud-Farrera I, Alexandre A, Bertaux J, Mariotti A,
Martin L, Meunier J, Nguetsop F (1999) Forest response to climate changes in Atlantic
Equatorial Africa during the last 4000 years BP and inheritance on the modern landscapes. J
Biogeogr 26:879–885
Vincens A, Buchet G, Servant M, ECOFIT Mbalang Collaborators (2010) Vegetation response to
the “African Humid Period” termination in Central Cameroon (7 N)—new pollen insight from
Lake Mbalang. Clim Past 6:281–294
Vleminckx J, Morin-Rivat J, Biwolé AB, Daïnou K, Gillet J-F, Doucet J-L, Drouet T, Hardy OJ
(2014) Soil charcoal to assess the impacts of past human disturbances on tropical forests. PLoS
One 9:e108121
Vodouhê FG, Coulibaly O, Adégbidi A, Sinsin B (2010) Community perception of biodiversity
conservation within protected areas in Benin. Forest Policy Econ 12:505–512
Weldeab S, Schneider RR, Müller P (2007) Comparison of Mg/Ca- and alkenone-based sea surface
temperature estimates in the fresh water—influenced Gulf of Guinea, eastern equatorial Atlantic. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 8:1–10
White F (1983) The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/
AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Paris
Willis K, Gillson L, Brncic T (2004) How “virgin” is virgin rainforest? Science (Washington)
304:402–403
Willis K, Bennett K, Burrough S, Macias-Fauria M, Tovar C (2013) Determining the response of
African biota to climate change: using the past to model the future. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol
Sci 368:20120491
Wittemyer G, Elsen P, Bean WT, Burton ACO, Brashares JS (2008) Accelerated human population
growth at protected area edges. Science 321:123–126
Wotzka H-P (2006) Records of activity: radiocarbon and the structure of Iron Age settlement in
Central Africa. In: Grundlegungen. Beiträge zur europäischen und afrikanischen Archäologie
für Manfred KH Eggert. Francke, Tübingen, pp 271–289
WRI, World Resources Institute (2014) Atlas of forest and landscape restoration opportunities.
World Resources Institute, Washington, DC. www.wri.org/resources/maps/Atlas-forest-andlandscape-restoration-opportunities
Youta Happi J (1998) Arbres contre graminées: la lente invasion de la forêt par la savane au CentreCameroun. Thèse de Doctorat, Paris IV
Ziegler S, Fa JE, Wohlfart C, Streit B, Jacob S, Wegmann M (2016) Mapping bushmeat hunting
pressure in Central Africa. Biotropica 48:405–412
9 Long-Term Vegetation Change in Central Africa: The Need for an Integrated. . .
315