There is no information regarding CSR adoption (‘No CSR info’) for seven deals,
accounting for approximately 500,000 ha. It is worth mentioning that there has been
little change over time. In fact, only one investor that claimed CSR in 2014 was
actually certified through ISO 14001 in 2017. For all the other investors, there were
no changes within this 3-year period (i.e. 2014–2017).
Table 4.5 shows the different schemes adopted by the Italian investors, the
characteristics of each scheme, and the number of acquisitions covered by each
scheme. Based on our analysis, no Italian investor involved in LSLAs in SSA has
Fig. 4.1 CSR adoption as a percentage of total land deals. Source: Own elaboration based on Land
Matrix (2017)
Fig. 4.2 CSR adoption in terms of the number and sizes of land deals. Note: The number of deals in
each category is reported on the right-hand y-axis and indicated by the green triangles. The intended
and the contract size of the LSLA are reported to the left-hand y-axis. Source: Own elaboration
based on Land Matrix (2017)
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M. Antonelli et al.