Conversion of Landscape Waste
into Bio-coke Solid Fuel
Santhana Krishnan, Mohd Fadhil Md Din, Shazwin Mat Taib,
Norfarah Hanim Binti Kamaludin, Norhisyam Hanafi, Tamio Ida,
Mohd Suhaizan Shamsuddin and Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
Abstract A rapid increase in organic wastes requires an integrated management
system that enhances the use of such wastes to achieve sustainable waste management. Among that, landscape waste is an organic yard or garden waste such as leaves
and plant trimmings (excluded grass clippings, sod and dirt). The landscape wastes
that are dumped or buried in the landfill takes a period of time to decompose but
the wastes are increasing from day to day. This research was aimed to study on the
abandon landscape waste at the landscape landfill in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM); the pattern of landscape wastes generation in each zone in UTM region; and
the suitable evaluation using bio-coke as a new treatment option to treat the landscape
wastes. Landscape waste collection form was distributed to all the contractors in each
zone to collect the data of the five types of waste; dry leaves, twigs, branches, palm
front, and wood. The data analysis obtained show that the dry leaves are the major
landscape waste at the UTM landscape landfill which was left abandoned without
proper treatment. Finally, the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and dry leaves (combined in
S. Krishnan · M. F. M. Din (B)
Center of Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute of
Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia
e-mail: mfadhil@utm.my
S. Krishnan · M. F. M. Din · S. M. Taib · N. H. B. Kamaludin
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
M. F. M. Din · S. M. Taib · N. Hanafi
Campus Sustainability Office, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor,
Malaysia
T. Ida
Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
M. S. Shamsuddin
Office of the Asset and Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia
S. Chelliapan
Department of Engineering, Razak Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
A. Z. Yaser (ed.), Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7260-5_8
105
into Bio-coke Solid Fuel
Santhana Krishnan, Mohd Fadhil Md Din, Shazwin Mat Taib,
Norfarah Hanim Binti Kamaludin, Norhisyam Hanafi, Tamio Ida,
Mohd Suhaizan Shamsuddin and Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
Abstract A rapid increase in organic wastes requires an integrated management
system that enhances the use of such wastes to achieve sustainable waste management. Among that, landscape waste is an organic yard or garden waste such as leaves
and plant trimmings (excluded grass clippings, sod and dirt). The landscape wastes
that are dumped or buried in the landfill takes a period of time to decompose but
the wastes are increasing from day to day. This research was aimed to study on the
abandon landscape waste at the landscape landfill in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM); the pattern of landscape wastes generation in each zone in UTM region; and
the suitable evaluation using bio-coke as a new treatment option to treat the landscape
wastes. Landscape waste collection form was distributed to all the contractors in each
zone to collect the data of the five types of waste; dry leaves, twigs, branches, palm
front, and wood. The data analysis obtained show that the dry leaves are the major
landscape waste at the UTM landscape landfill which was left abandoned without
proper treatment. Finally, the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and dry leaves (combined in
S. Krishnan · M. F. M. Din (B)
Center of Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute of
Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia
e-mail: mfadhil@utm.my
S. Krishnan · M. F. M. Din · S. M. Taib · N. H. B. Kamaludin
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
M. F. M. Din · S. M. Taib · N. Hanafi
Campus Sustainability Office, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor,
Malaysia
T. Ida
Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
M. S. Shamsuddin
Office of the Asset and Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia
S. Chelliapan
Department of Engineering, Razak Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
A. Z. Yaser (ed.), Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7260-5_8
105