membrane protein function. Annu Rev Biochem 75:707–712
4. Yin H, Flynn AD (2016) Drugging membrane
protein interactions. Annu Rev Biomed Eng
18:51–76
5. Schuster B et al (2008) S-layer stabilized lipid
membranes (review). Biointerphases 3(2):FA3
6. Henderson R et al (1990) Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on highresolution electron cryo-microscopy. J Mol
Biol 213(4):899–929
7. Unwin PNT, Henderson R (1975) Molecular
structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens. J Mol
Biol 94(3):425–440
8. Zampighi G et al (1982) On the structural
organization of isolated bovine lens fiber junctions. J Cell Biol 93(1):175–189
9. Kessel M et al (1988) Naturally crystalline
porin in the outer membrane of Bordetella
pertussis. J Mol Biol 203(1):275–278
10. Jungas C et al (1999) Supramolecular organization of the photosynthetic apparatus of Rhodobacter
sphaeroides.
EMBO
J
18
(3):534–542
11. Chiu P-L et al (2015) Evaluation of superresolution performance of the K2 electroncounting camera using 2D crystals of
aquaporin-0. J Struct Biol 192(2):163–173
12. Gonen T et al (2004) Aquaporin-0 membrane
junctions reveal the structure of a closed water
pore. Nature 429(6988):193–197
13. Gonen T et al (2005) Lipid-protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional
AQP0 crystals. Nature 438(7068):633–638
14. Hite RK et al (2015) Effect of lipid head
groups on double-layered two-dimensional
crystals formed by aquaporin-0. PLoS One 10
(1):e0117371
15. Murata K et al (2000) Structural determinants
of water permeation through aquaporin-1.
Nature 407(6804):599–605
16. Schenk AD et al (2005) The 4.5 a structure of
human AQP2. J Mol Biol 350(2):278–289
17. Tani K et al (2009) Mechanism of aquaporin4’s fast and highly selective water conduction
and proton exclusion. J Mol Biol 389
(4):694–706
18. Viadiu H et al (2007) Projection map of
aquaporin-9 at 7 a resolution. J Mol Biol 367
(1):80–88
19. Norville JE et al (2007) 7A projection map of
the S-layer protein sbpA obtained with
trehalose-embedded monolayer crystals. J
Struct Biol 160(3):313–323
20. Zhuang J et al (1999) Two-dimensional crystallization of Escherichia coli lactose permease.
J Struct Biol 125(1):63–75
21. Chiu PL et al (2007) The structure of the
prokaryotic cyclic nucleotide-modulated potassium channel MloK1 at 16 a resolution. Structure 15(9):1053–1064
22. Kowal J et al (2014) Ligand-induced structural
changes in the cyclic nucleotide-modulated
potassium channel MloK1. Nat Commun
5:3106
23. Li HL et al (1998) Two-dimensional crystallization and projection structure of KcsA potassium channel. J Mol Biol 282(2):211–216
24. Zheng H et al (2010) The prototypical H+/
galactose symporter GalP assembles into functional trimers. J Mol Biol 396(3):593–601
25. Nakazato K et al (1996) Two-dimensional
crystallization and cryo-electron microscopy
of photosystem II. J Mol Biol 257(2):225–232
26. Holm PJ et al (2006) Structural basis for
detoxification and oxidative stress protection
in membranes. J Mol Biol 360(5):934–945
27. Hite RK et al (2010) Principles of membrane
protein interactions with annular lipids
deduced from aquaporin-0 2D crystals.
EMBO J 29(10):1652–1658
28. Tsiotis G et al (1996) Tubular crystals of a
photosystem II core complex. J Mol Biol 259
(2):241–248
29. Kalbermatter D et al (2015) 2D and 3D crystallization of the wild-type IIC domain of the
glucose PTS transporter from Escherichia coli.
J Struct Biol 191(3):376–380
30. Ohi M et al (2004) Negative staining and
image classification - powerful tools in modern
Electron microscopy. Biol Proced Online
6:23–34
31. Kim C et al (2010) An automated pipeline to
screen membrane protein 2D crystallization. J
Struct Funct Genom 11(2):155–166
32. Vonck J (2000) Parameters affecting specimen
flatness of two-dimensional crystals for electron
crystallography.
Ultramicroscopy
85
(3):123–129
33. Hite RK et al (2010) Collecting electron crystallographic data of two-dimensional protein
crystals. Methods Enzymol 481:251–282
34. Chiu PL et al (2011) The use of trehalose in the
preparation of specimens for molecular electron microscopy. Micron 42(8):762–772
35. Glaeser RM (2007) Electron crystallography of
biological macromolecules. Oxford University
Press, Oxford
36. Hirai T et al (1999) Trehalose embedding technique
for
high-resolution
electron
264
Ka-Yi Chan et al.
4. Yin H, Flynn AD (2016) Drugging membrane
protein interactions. Annu Rev Biomed Eng
18:51–76
5. Schuster B et al (2008) S-layer stabilized lipid
membranes (review). Biointerphases 3(2):FA3
6. Henderson R et al (1990) Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on highresolution electron cryo-microscopy. J Mol
Biol 213(4):899–929
7. Unwin PNT, Henderson R (1975) Molecular
structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens. J Mol
Biol 94(3):425–440
8. Zampighi G et al (1982) On the structural
organization of isolated bovine lens fiber junctions. J Cell Biol 93(1):175–189
9. Kessel M et al (1988) Naturally crystalline
porin in the outer membrane of Bordetella
pertussis. J Mol Biol 203(1):275–278
10. Jungas C et al (1999) Supramolecular organization of the photosynthetic apparatus of Rhodobacter
sphaeroides.
EMBO
J
18
(3):534–542
11. Chiu P-L et al (2015) Evaluation of superresolution performance of the K2 electroncounting camera using 2D crystals of
aquaporin-0. J Struct Biol 192(2):163–173
12. Gonen T et al (2004) Aquaporin-0 membrane
junctions reveal the structure of a closed water
pore. Nature 429(6988):193–197
13. Gonen T et al (2005) Lipid-protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional
AQP0 crystals. Nature 438(7068):633–638
14. Hite RK et al (2015) Effect of lipid head
groups on double-layered two-dimensional
crystals formed by aquaporin-0. PLoS One 10
(1):e0117371
15. Murata K et al (2000) Structural determinants
of water permeation through aquaporin-1.
Nature 407(6804):599–605
16. Schenk AD et al (2005) The 4.5 a structure of
human AQP2. J Mol Biol 350(2):278–289
17. Tani K et al (2009) Mechanism of aquaporin4’s fast and highly selective water conduction
and proton exclusion. J Mol Biol 389
(4):694–706
18. Viadiu H et al (2007) Projection map of
aquaporin-9 at 7 a resolution. J Mol Biol 367
(1):80–88
19. Norville JE et al (2007) 7A projection map of
the S-layer protein sbpA obtained with
trehalose-embedded monolayer crystals. J
Struct Biol 160(3):313–323
20. Zhuang J et al (1999) Two-dimensional crystallization of Escherichia coli lactose permease.
J Struct Biol 125(1):63–75
21. Chiu PL et al (2007) The structure of the
prokaryotic cyclic nucleotide-modulated potassium channel MloK1 at 16 a resolution. Structure 15(9):1053–1064
22. Kowal J et al (2014) Ligand-induced structural
changes in the cyclic nucleotide-modulated
potassium channel MloK1. Nat Commun
5:3106
23. Li HL et al (1998) Two-dimensional crystallization and projection structure of KcsA potassium channel. J Mol Biol 282(2):211–216
24. Zheng H et al (2010) The prototypical H+/
galactose symporter GalP assembles into functional trimers. J Mol Biol 396(3):593–601
25. Nakazato K et al (1996) Two-dimensional
crystallization and cryo-electron microscopy
of photosystem II. J Mol Biol 257(2):225–232
26. Holm PJ et al (2006) Structural basis for
detoxification and oxidative stress protection
in membranes. J Mol Biol 360(5):934–945
27. Hite RK et al (2010) Principles of membrane
protein interactions with annular lipids
deduced from aquaporin-0 2D crystals.
EMBO J 29(10):1652–1658
28. Tsiotis G et al (1996) Tubular crystals of a
photosystem II core complex. J Mol Biol 259
(2):241–248
29. Kalbermatter D et al (2015) 2D and 3D crystallization of the wild-type IIC domain of the
glucose PTS transporter from Escherichia coli.
J Struct Biol 191(3):376–380
30. Ohi M et al (2004) Negative staining and
image classification - powerful tools in modern
Electron microscopy. Biol Proced Online
6:23–34
31. Kim C et al (2010) An automated pipeline to
screen membrane protein 2D crystallization. J
Struct Funct Genom 11(2):155–166
32. Vonck J (2000) Parameters affecting specimen
flatness of two-dimensional crystals for electron
crystallography.
Ultramicroscopy
85
(3):123–129
33. Hite RK et al (2010) Collecting electron crystallographic data of two-dimensional protein
crystals. Methods Enzymol 481:251–282
34. Chiu PL et al (2011) The use of trehalose in the
preparation of specimens for molecular electron microscopy. Micron 42(8):762–772
35. Glaeser RM (2007) Electron crystallography of
biological macromolecules. Oxford University
Press, Oxford
36. Hirai T et al (1999) Trehalose embedding technique
for
high-resolution
electron
264
Ka-Yi Chan et al.