network and the device – an ability which “. . .has pushed wearable technology to
the forefront of the Internet of Things (IoT)” (Investopedia 2018).
Once cities have decided which ones of the aforementioned technologies they
really need according to their respective priorities, they should plan in advance how
to use them in the framework of their envisioned Smart City projects in an efficient
and optimal way.
13.3.4.3 Smart City Infrastructure
A comprehensive Smart City infrastructure (SCI) comprises fiber-optic communications, utility right of way (ROW), street lights, street furniture, traffic control
devices, wireless radios, cameras, and various sensors. These technical devices can
be partly owned by the city but may also comprise leased assets and circuits (Adtell
Integration 2017). Renewable energies should be an integral part of every sustainable Smart City anyway. Small solar parks might be integrated into the Smart City
infrastructure (Sarawgi 2018). This can be supplemented, inter alia, by rooftop solar
energy, solar street lighting, solar water heaters, solar pumps, solar traffic signals,
and solar concentrator-based cooking (Sarawgi 2018).
There are many Smart City initiatives on a global base, inspired by projects like
LinkNYC in New York City which offers free, encrypted, gigabit wireless Internet
coverage to the five core boroughs within the city and connected solutions including
IoT, 5G, and cloud. Some Smart City high-tech projects in other cities, however,
cannot be fully implemented due to a lack of connected infrastructure (Partouche
2016). The development of 5G and the increasing integration of Internet-enabled
solutions are supposed to require more antenna sites and the availability of fiber
connectivity (Partouche 2016). Powerful fiber-optic connectivity supports cloud
computing and Big Data needed for Smart City applications. Smart City projects
rely on sensor networks across the entire cityscape connected to Big Data analysis
machines targeted at real-time intelligence that informs automated systems to move
resources correspondingly (Kinney 2016). Getting smart involves setting up tiny
gadgets which must be connected by high-speed and low-latency fiber networks
capable of carrying the enormous amount of prospective data to “. . . the cloud based
systems that will turn numbers into actions” (Kinney 2016). By extending its
municipal broadband network, Hudson/Ohio follows a growing trend in an area
occupied by protagonists like Google Fiber, AT&T, and Comcast (Kinney 2016). In
April 2016, Verizon announced the investment of a high sum to provide a glass-fiber
network in Boston to enable future smart city initiatives with 5G mobile services.
This initiative was embraced by Boston’s mayor who promised to provide the
foundation for future technology growth “. . .by granting every resident expanded
access to broadband” (Kinney 2016).
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O. Schwarz-Herion
the forefront of the Internet of Things (IoT)” (Investopedia 2018).
Once cities have decided which ones of the aforementioned technologies they
really need according to their respective priorities, they should plan in advance how
to use them in the framework of their envisioned Smart City projects in an efficient
and optimal way.
13.3.4.3 Smart City Infrastructure
A comprehensive Smart City infrastructure (SCI) comprises fiber-optic communications, utility right of way (ROW), street lights, street furniture, traffic control
devices, wireless radios, cameras, and various sensors. These technical devices can
be partly owned by the city but may also comprise leased assets and circuits (Adtell
Integration 2017). Renewable energies should be an integral part of every sustainable Smart City anyway. Small solar parks might be integrated into the Smart City
infrastructure (Sarawgi 2018). This can be supplemented, inter alia, by rooftop solar
energy, solar street lighting, solar water heaters, solar pumps, solar traffic signals,
and solar concentrator-based cooking (Sarawgi 2018).
There are many Smart City initiatives on a global base, inspired by projects like
LinkNYC in New York City which offers free, encrypted, gigabit wireless Internet
coverage to the five core boroughs within the city and connected solutions including
IoT, 5G, and cloud. Some Smart City high-tech projects in other cities, however,
cannot be fully implemented due to a lack of connected infrastructure (Partouche
2016). The development of 5G and the increasing integration of Internet-enabled
solutions are supposed to require more antenna sites and the availability of fiber
connectivity (Partouche 2016). Powerful fiber-optic connectivity supports cloud
computing and Big Data needed for Smart City applications. Smart City projects
rely on sensor networks across the entire cityscape connected to Big Data analysis
machines targeted at real-time intelligence that informs automated systems to move
resources correspondingly (Kinney 2016). Getting smart involves setting up tiny
gadgets which must be connected by high-speed and low-latency fiber networks
capable of carrying the enormous amount of prospective data to “. . . the cloud based
systems that will turn numbers into actions” (Kinney 2016). By extending its
municipal broadband network, Hudson/Ohio follows a growing trend in an area
occupied by protagonists like Google Fiber, AT&T, and Comcast (Kinney 2016). In
April 2016, Verizon announced the investment of a high sum to provide a glass-fiber
network in Boston to enable future smart city initiatives with 5G mobile services.
This initiative was embraced by Boston’s mayor who promised to provide the
foundation for future technology growth “. . .by granting every resident expanded
access to broadband” (Kinney 2016).
220
O. Schwarz-Herion