383
the Habsburg Empire, Austria being engaged in nearly 35 wars, occupations, and/or
uprisings during the Monarchy’s several hundred years of nearly continuous domination. Moreover, the Schönbrunn Tiergarten, an imperial menagerie, was built on
the grounds in 1752 and remains the oldest continuously active zoo in the world,
opened to the public in 1779. A troubled legacy.
While both elephants and giant pandas have been born at the Tiergarten, the zoo
has seen its share of tragedies over time. Two thousand six hundred animals in captivity were eaten during World War I. By the end of World War II, approximately
400 animals were left in the zoo. Giraffes and lions and countless other species have
been captured in the wild, delivered to Schönbrunn, and vanished from the world.
Two caretakers were killed in 2002 and 2005, first by three jaguars, then by an elephant. After privatization, and eventual oversight by the president of the Austrian
World Wildlife Fund, the Tiergarten developed polar and Amazon zoological sections and, as zoos go, has tried to redeem itself into a conservation research center.
Nearly 11 million euros were spent by the privatized zoo in May 2014 on what is
called Franz Josef Land, to receive two polar bears, male and female, from a zoo in
Estonia and a wildlife pin Finland. This transit of zoologic exotica would no doubt
have delighted Erlach, in his day.
Indeed, the House of Habsburg certainly found its architect in Erlach. Among his
numerous other works, he completed the Karlskirche in Vienna, and the Church of
the Holy Trinity in Salzburg, Schloss Klessheim in Salzburg (used in part as a casino
since the early 1990s), and the Austrian National Library of Vienna—the
Hofbibliothek. At the height of his career he published a monumental work, Entwurff
einer historischen Architectur (Design of a historical architecture) (Leipzig,
1725).
15
The large-scale engravings depict the Temple of Solomon, vast Pentagonlike invented expanses of Babylon, the Pyramids, the reimagined Temple of Diana
at Ephesus, a colossus that was the Temple of Nineveh, enormous mausoleums of
Egyptian royalty, and then a shift to mammoth human constructions beside nature.
The cataracts of the Nile. A fabulist portrait of Alexander the Great’s architect,
Dinocrates, implanted upon the Greek monasteries at the cliff-girded Mount Athos,
a huge Roman funeral tower of the Scipios overlooking the heartlands of the Spanish
Tarraco, the ever-rambling ruins of Palmyra, Stonehenge, the Imperial City of
Peking and Giant Pagoda of Nanking. Every engraving enlarges the human presence on the earth, magnifying symbols of empire. Limitless bridges, vases depicting
stern animal deities, ultimate edifications of churches and plazas, ruins reignited
15 …depicting famous buildings, antiquity, and foreign people, different from those depicted in the
history books, memory coins, ruins, and obscure demolitions. In the first book. The construction
types buried by time of the old Jews, Eg, ptier, Sÿrer, Perser, and Greeks In the other. Ancient
unknown roman. In the third. Some foreign domestic and non-European, as the Arab, and Türcken,
etc. also new Persian, Siamite, Sinesian and Japanese buildings. In the fourth. Some buildings from
the author’s invention and drawing, by Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard, 1656–1723; engravings Johann Adam Delsenbach, 1687–1765, engraver. https://archive.org/search.php?query=creat
or%3A%22Delsenbach%2C+Johann+Adam%2C+1687-1765%2C+engraver%22; See also,
http://socks-studio.com/2015/06/22/project-for-a-history-of-architecture-johann-bernhardfischer-von-erlach-1721/Accessed April 14, 2020.
42.3 Ecological Legacies in Mortar and Stone
the Habsburg Empire, Austria being engaged in nearly 35 wars, occupations, and/or
uprisings during the Monarchy’s several hundred years of nearly continuous domination. Moreover, the Schönbrunn Tiergarten, an imperial menagerie, was built on
the grounds in 1752 and remains the oldest continuously active zoo in the world,
opened to the public in 1779. A troubled legacy.
While both elephants and giant pandas have been born at the Tiergarten, the zoo
has seen its share of tragedies over time. Two thousand six hundred animals in captivity were eaten during World War I. By the end of World War II, approximately
400 animals were left in the zoo. Giraffes and lions and countless other species have
been captured in the wild, delivered to Schönbrunn, and vanished from the world.
Two caretakers were killed in 2002 and 2005, first by three jaguars, then by an elephant. After privatization, and eventual oversight by the president of the Austrian
World Wildlife Fund, the Tiergarten developed polar and Amazon zoological sections and, as zoos go, has tried to redeem itself into a conservation research center.
Nearly 11 million euros were spent by the privatized zoo in May 2014 on what is
called Franz Josef Land, to receive two polar bears, male and female, from a zoo in
Estonia and a wildlife pin Finland. This transit of zoologic exotica would no doubt
have delighted Erlach, in his day.
Indeed, the House of Habsburg certainly found its architect in Erlach. Among his
numerous other works, he completed the Karlskirche in Vienna, and the Church of
the Holy Trinity in Salzburg, Schloss Klessheim in Salzburg (used in part as a casino
since the early 1990s), and the Austrian National Library of Vienna—the
Hofbibliothek. At the height of his career he published a monumental work, Entwurff
einer historischen Architectur (Design of a historical architecture) (Leipzig,
1725).
15
The large-scale engravings depict the Temple of Solomon, vast Pentagonlike invented expanses of Babylon, the Pyramids, the reimagined Temple of Diana
at Ephesus, a colossus that was the Temple of Nineveh, enormous mausoleums of
Egyptian royalty, and then a shift to mammoth human constructions beside nature.
The cataracts of the Nile. A fabulist portrait of Alexander the Great’s architect,
Dinocrates, implanted upon the Greek monasteries at the cliff-girded Mount Athos,
a huge Roman funeral tower of the Scipios overlooking the heartlands of the Spanish
Tarraco, the ever-rambling ruins of Palmyra, Stonehenge, the Imperial City of
Peking and Giant Pagoda of Nanking. Every engraving enlarges the human presence on the earth, magnifying symbols of empire. Limitless bridges, vases depicting
stern animal deities, ultimate edifications of churches and plazas, ruins reignited
15 …depicting famous buildings, antiquity, and foreign people, different from those depicted in the
history books, memory coins, ruins, and obscure demolitions. In the first book. The construction
types buried by time of the old Jews, Eg, ptier, Sÿrer, Perser, and Greeks In the other. Ancient
unknown roman. In the third. Some foreign domestic and non-European, as the Arab, and Türcken,
etc. also new Persian, Siamite, Sinesian and Japanese buildings. In the fourth. Some buildings from
the author’s invention and drawing, by Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard, 1656–1723; engravings Johann Adam Delsenbach, 1687–1765, engraver. https://archive.org/search.php?query=creat
or%3A%22Delsenbach%2C+Johann+Adam%2C+1687-1765%2C+engraver%22; See also,
http://socks-studio.com/2015/06/22/project-for-a-history-of-architecture-johann-bernhardfischer-von-erlach-1721/Accessed April 14, 2020.
42.3 Ecological Legacies in Mortar and Stone