He M, Wang J, Fan X et al (2019) Genetic basis for the establishment of endosymbiosis in
Paramecium. ISME J 13:1360–1369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0341-4
Hellinger J, Jägers P, Donner M, Sutt F, Mark MD et al (2017) The flashlight fish Anomalops
katoptron uses bioluminescent light to detect prey in the dark. PLoS One 12(2):e0170489.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170489
Hellriegel H, Wilfarth H (1888) Untersuchungen über die Stickstoffnahrung der Gramineen und
Leguminosen. Beilageheft zu der Zeitschrift des Vereins f. d. Rübenzuckerindustrie d. D. R.,
Berlin. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27102
Hendrickson HL, Poole AM (2018) Manifold routes to a nucleus. Front Microbiol 9:2604. https://
doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02604
Hendry TA, de Wet JR, Dougan KE, Dunlap PV (2016) Genome evolution in the obligate but
environmentally active luminous symbionts of flashlight fish. Genome Biol Evol 8:2203–2213.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw161
Hillman ET, Lu H, Yao T, Nakatsu CH (2017) Microbial ecology along the gastrointestinal tract.
Microbes Environ 32(4):300–313. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME17017
Howe CJ, Barbrook AC, RER N, Lockhart PJ, AWD L (2008) The origin of plastids. Phil Trans R
Soc B 363:2675–2685. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0050
Hunter P (2006) Entente cordiale: multiple symbiosis illustrates the intricate interconnectivity of
nature. EMBO Rep 7(9):861–864
Hurst CJ (2016a) Towards a unified understanding of evolution, habitat and niche. Chapter 1. In:
Hurst CJ (ed) Their world: a diversity of microbial environments, advances in environmental
microbiology, vol 1. Springer International Publishing AG, Basel, Switzerland, pp 1–33
Hurst CJ (ed) (2016b) The mechanistic benefits of microbial symbionts. Advances in environmental
microbiology, vol. 2. Springer, Cham
Hurst CJ (ed) (2016c) The Rasputin effect: when commensals and symbionts become parasitic.
Advances in environmental microbiology, vol. 3. Springer, Cham
Karnkowska A, Vacek V, Zubáčová Z et al (2016) A eukaryote without a mitochondrial organelle.
Curr Biol 26:1274–1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053
Kittiwongwattana C, Thawai C (2013) rhizobium paknamense sp. nov., isolated from lesser
duckweeds (Lemna aequinoctialis). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63(Pt 10):3823–3828. https://
doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051888-0
Kodama Y, Fujishima M (2015) Differences in infectivity between endosymbiotic Chlorella
variabilis cultivated outside host Paramecium bursaria for 50 years and those immediately
isolated from host cells after one year of reendosymbiosis. Biol Open 5:55–61. https://doi.org/
10.1242/bio.013946
Laetz EMJ, Wägele H (2017, 11 October) Chloroplast digestion and the development of functional
kleptoplasty in juvenile Elysia timida (Risso, 1818) as compared to short-term and nonchloroplast-retaining sacoglossan slugs. PLoS One. 12(10):e0182910. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0182910. PMID: 29020043; PMCID: PMC5636068
Lee Y, Jeon CO (2018) Kaistia algarum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater green alga Paulinella
chromatophora. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:3028–3033. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.
002943
Lhee D, Ha J, Kim S et al (2019) Evolutionary dynamics of the chromatophore genome in three
photosynthetic Paulinella species. Sci Rep 2560(2019):9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-01938621-8
Li J, Volsteadt M, Kirkendale L, Cavanaugh CM (2018) Characterizing Photosymbiosis between
Fraginae bivalves and Symbiodinium using Phylogenetics and stable isotopes. Front Ecol Evol
6:45. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00045
Malik HS (2012) Retroviruses push the envelope for mammalian placentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 109:2184–2185. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121365109
Martin WF, Garg S, Zimorski V (2015) Endosymbiotic theories for eukaryote origin. Phil Trans R
Soc B 370:20140330. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0330
592
C. J. Hurst
Paramecium. ISME J 13:1360–1369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0341-4
Hellinger J, Jägers P, Donner M, Sutt F, Mark MD et al (2017) The flashlight fish Anomalops
katoptron uses bioluminescent light to detect prey in the dark. PLoS One 12(2):e0170489.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170489
Hellriegel H, Wilfarth H (1888) Untersuchungen über die Stickstoffnahrung der Gramineen und
Leguminosen. Beilageheft zu der Zeitschrift des Vereins f. d. Rübenzuckerindustrie d. D. R.,
Berlin. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27102
Hendrickson HL, Poole AM (2018) Manifold routes to a nucleus. Front Microbiol 9:2604. https://
doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02604
Hendry TA, de Wet JR, Dougan KE, Dunlap PV (2016) Genome evolution in the obligate but
environmentally active luminous symbionts of flashlight fish. Genome Biol Evol 8:2203–2213.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw161
Hillman ET, Lu H, Yao T, Nakatsu CH (2017) Microbial ecology along the gastrointestinal tract.
Microbes Environ 32(4):300–313. https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME17017
Howe CJ, Barbrook AC, RER N, Lockhart PJ, AWD L (2008) The origin of plastids. Phil Trans R
Soc B 363:2675–2685. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0050
Hunter P (2006) Entente cordiale: multiple symbiosis illustrates the intricate interconnectivity of
nature. EMBO Rep 7(9):861–864
Hurst CJ (2016a) Towards a unified understanding of evolution, habitat and niche. Chapter 1. In:
Hurst CJ (ed) Their world: a diversity of microbial environments, advances in environmental
microbiology, vol 1. Springer International Publishing AG, Basel, Switzerland, pp 1–33
Hurst CJ (ed) (2016b) The mechanistic benefits of microbial symbionts. Advances in environmental
microbiology, vol. 2. Springer, Cham
Hurst CJ (ed) (2016c) The Rasputin effect: when commensals and symbionts become parasitic.
Advances in environmental microbiology, vol. 3. Springer, Cham
Karnkowska A, Vacek V, Zubáčová Z et al (2016) A eukaryote without a mitochondrial organelle.
Curr Biol 26:1274–1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053
Kittiwongwattana C, Thawai C (2013) rhizobium paknamense sp. nov., isolated from lesser
duckweeds (Lemna aequinoctialis). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63(Pt 10):3823–3828. https://
doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051888-0
Kodama Y, Fujishima M (2015) Differences in infectivity between endosymbiotic Chlorella
variabilis cultivated outside host Paramecium bursaria for 50 years and those immediately
isolated from host cells after one year of reendosymbiosis. Biol Open 5:55–61. https://doi.org/
10.1242/bio.013946
Laetz EMJ, Wägele H (2017, 11 October) Chloroplast digestion and the development of functional
kleptoplasty in juvenile Elysia timida (Risso, 1818) as compared to short-term and nonchloroplast-retaining sacoglossan slugs. PLoS One. 12(10):e0182910. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0182910. PMID: 29020043; PMCID: PMC5636068
Lee Y, Jeon CO (2018) Kaistia algarum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater green alga Paulinella
chromatophora. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:3028–3033. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.
002943
Lhee D, Ha J, Kim S et al (2019) Evolutionary dynamics of the chromatophore genome in three
photosynthetic Paulinella species. Sci Rep 2560(2019):9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-01938621-8
Li J, Volsteadt M, Kirkendale L, Cavanaugh CM (2018) Characterizing Photosymbiosis between
Fraginae bivalves and Symbiodinium using Phylogenetics and stable isotopes. Front Ecol Evol
6:45. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00045
Malik HS (2012) Retroviruses push the envelope for mammalian placentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 109:2184–2185. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121365109
Martin WF, Garg S, Zimorski V (2015) Endosymbiotic theories for eukaryote origin. Phil Trans R
Soc B 370:20140330. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0330
592
C. J. Hurst