Table 22.1 Heavy metal(loid)-induced phytotoxicity in different crops
HMs Crop
Phytotoxic effects
a
References
As
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Reduced root-shoot length, biomass
and root hair
• Increased accumulation of ROS and
MDA
• Damaged cortical cells and cellular
structure
• Reduction in RuBisCO activity, photosynthesis
• Increased ABA synthesis and growth
inhibition
Chauhan et al.
(2020)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Decreased rice biomass
• Inhibition of root growth
• Inhibition of RuBisCO and
photosynthesis
Dong et al.
(2020)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Reduced seed germination
• Decreased root-shoot elongation
• Decreased amylase and protease activity
• Increased antioxidant enzymes, MDA
and proline
Ghosh et al.
(2018)
Vigna mungo (Black
gram)
• Catalase activity decreased
• Increased amount of lipid peroxidation
• Peroxidase increased tremendously
• Superoxide dismutase increased
• Ascorbate peroxidase also increased
• Reduction of photosynthetic pigments
Srivastava et al.
(2017)
Glycine max (Soybean)
• Inhibition of leaf development
• Cell death in root tips
• Decreased root-shoot biomass
• Reduction in chlorophyll content
• Increased membrane lipid peroxidation
Armendariz et al.
(2016)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Inhibition of ATP formation
• Lowered the yield of rice grain
• Increased oxidative stress
Syu et al. (2015)
Phaseolus radiatus
(Mung bean),
Cucumis sativus
(Cucumber),
Triticum aestivum
(Wheat),
Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum),
Hordeum vulgare (Barley),
Brassica campestris var.
chinensis (Chinese cabbage),
Brassica oleracea (Broccoli),
• Inhibition of seed germination
• Decreased seedling growth
Yoon et al.
(2015)
(continued)
22 Beneficial Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Bioremediation of. . .
445
HMs Crop
Phytotoxic effects
a
References
As
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Reduced root-shoot length, biomass
and root hair
• Increased accumulation of ROS and
MDA
• Damaged cortical cells and cellular
structure
• Reduction in RuBisCO activity, photosynthesis
• Increased ABA synthesis and growth
inhibition
Chauhan et al.
(2020)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Decreased rice biomass
• Inhibition of root growth
• Inhibition of RuBisCO and
photosynthesis
Dong et al.
(2020)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Reduced seed germination
• Decreased root-shoot elongation
• Decreased amylase and protease activity
• Increased antioxidant enzymes, MDA
and proline
Ghosh et al.
(2018)
Vigna mungo (Black
gram)
• Catalase activity decreased
• Increased amount of lipid peroxidation
• Peroxidase increased tremendously
• Superoxide dismutase increased
• Ascorbate peroxidase also increased
• Reduction of photosynthetic pigments
Srivastava et al.
(2017)
Glycine max (Soybean)
• Inhibition of leaf development
• Cell death in root tips
• Decreased root-shoot biomass
• Reduction in chlorophyll content
• Increased membrane lipid peroxidation
Armendariz et al.
(2016)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Inhibition of ATP formation
• Lowered the yield of rice grain
• Increased oxidative stress
Syu et al. (2015)
Phaseolus radiatus
(Mung bean),
Cucumis sativus
(Cucumber),
Triticum aestivum
(Wheat),
Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum),
Hordeum vulgare (Barley),
Brassica campestris var.
chinensis (Chinese cabbage),
Brassica oleracea (Broccoli),
• Inhibition of seed germination
• Decreased seedling growth
Yoon et al.
(2015)
(continued)
22 Beneficial Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Bioremediation of. . .
445